Rezidentn\u00ed kosatky, starov\u011bk\u00e1 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed populace severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho Pacifiku, \u010del\u00ed vyhynut\u00ed. Jejich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nen\u00ed jen poklesem po\u010dtu, je to zhroucen\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 kultury, slo\u017eit\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti dotla\u010den\u00e9 a\u017e na hranici mo\u017enost\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho vlivu. V\u011bdci a ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody se p\u0159edh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed, ale i v\u00fdzkum na jejich z\u00e1chranu je nyn\u00ed v ohro\u017een\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Po tis\u00edce let se t\u011bmto kosatk\u00e1m da\u0159ilo v Salishsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i, na rozd\u00edl od ostatn\u00edch populac\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Maj\u00ed sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed jazyk, zvyky a pevn\u011b propojenou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed strukturu zalo\u017eenou na matriline\u00e1rn\u00edch skupin\u00e1ch \u2013 rodinn\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch veden\u00fdch dlouhov\u011bk\u00fdmi \u017eenami. Tato plodina je nyn\u00ed ohro\u017eena kv\u016fli trojit\u00e9 krizi: zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, ni\u010den\u00ed stanovi\u0161\u0165 a ten\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se z\u00e1soby potravin. <\/p>\n
Situace je kritick\u00e1. Po\u010det, kter\u00fd se v polovin\u011b 90. let pohyboval kolem 98 jedinc\u016f, dnes klesl na 74 jedinc\u016f. Pokles nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda: je p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem lidsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1sahu. Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody, toxick\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie a neust\u00e1l\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hlukem z lodn\u00edch a jin\u00fdch plavidel naru\u0161uj\u00ed jejich lov a komunikaci a tla\u010d\u00ed je ke kolapsu. <\/p>\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci jako Deborah Giles ze SeaDoc Society zasv\u011btili sv\u016fj \u017eivot studiu t\u011bchto velryb. Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dlouhodob\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed si vytvo\u0159ili detailn\u00ed obraz o zdrav\u00ed, chov\u00e1n\u00ed a stravovac\u00edch pot\u0159eb\u00e1ch kosatek. Tato pr\u00e1ce je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro veden\u00ed ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody, ale i to je nyn\u00ed ohro\u017eeno. Politick\u00e9 p\u0159esuny a \u0161krty ve financov\u00e1n\u00ed hroz\u00ed zastaven\u00edm nebo zru\u0161en\u00edm \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch program\u016f pr\u00e1v\u011b v dob\u011b, kdy jsou nejv\u00edce pot\u0159eba. <\/p>\n
Ironie je do o\u010d\u00ed bij\u00edc\u00ed: v nebezpe\u010d\u00ed je sama v\u011bda spolu s velrybami, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed chr\u00e1nit. Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Giles: \u201eV\u011bda je nyn\u00ed v ohro\u017een\u00ed a stejn\u011b tak i velryby. Tato situace ukazuje na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m: \u00fasil\u00ed o ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody je \u010dasto podkop\u00e1v\u00e1no kr\u00e1tkozrak\u00fdmi politikami a nedostatkem udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch investic.<\/p>\n
Kosatky jsou stejn\u011b jako lid\u00e9 inteligentn\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 se slo\u017eit\u00fdmi kulturn\u00edmi tradicemi. Kosatky ji\u017en\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 strav\u011b siln\u011b spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na lososa sockeye (losos chinook), ale populace se zhroutily kv\u016fli nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu rybolovu, ni\u010den\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a p\u0159ehrazen\u00ed \u0159ek. Velryby se v pr\u016fb\u011bhu generac\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobily sv\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ale tempo zm\u011bn je nyn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychl\u00e9 na to, aby dr\u017eely krok.<\/p>\n
Paralely mezi lidskou a velryb\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed jsou n\u00e1padn\u00e9. Oba spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na p\u0159ed\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed, rodinn\u00fdch vazeb a p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed, aby p\u0159e\u017eili. Stejn\u011b jako Southern Resident Killer Whales i lidsk\u00e9 kultury \u010del\u00ed hrozb\u00e1m zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, ztr\u00e1t\u011b p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm ot\u0159es\u016fm. Rozd\u00edl je v tom, \u017ee lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed schopnost zm\u011bnit kurz, ale aby to bylo mo\u017en\u00e9, je t\u0159eba si uv\u011bdomit z\u00e1va\u017enost krize a jednat rozhodn\u011b. <\/p>\n
Osud kosatek \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch na jihu vis\u00ed na vl\u00e1sku. Kombinace zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, hluku z lod\u00ed a nedostatku potravin vytvo\u0159ila dokonalou bou\u0159i. Navzdory desetilet\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Velryby neklesaj\u00ed jen v po\u010dtu; ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed schopnost prosperovat tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 ne\u00faprosn\u00e9mu tlaku. <\/p>\n
P\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to jedine\u010dn\u00e9 populace z\u00e1vis\u00ed na spole\u010dn\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed o \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto probl\u00e9m\u016f. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed hlukem z lod\u00ed a obnova populace lososa sockeyho jsou nezbytn\u00e9 kroky, ale vy\u017eaduje to politickou v\u016fli a dlouhodob\u00fd z\u00e1vazek. Bez okam\u017eit\u00e9 akce by se kosatky ji\u017en\u00ed mohly st\u00e1t dal\u0161\u00edm tragick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem druhu ztracen\u00e9ho vlivem \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Rezidentn\u00ed kosatky, starov\u011bk\u00e1 pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed populace severoz\u00e1padn\u00edho Pacifiku, \u010del\u00ed vyhynut\u00ed. Jejich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nen\u00ed jen poklesem po\u010dtu, je to zhroucen\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 kultury, slo\u017eit\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti dotla\u010den\u00e9 a\u017e na hranici mo\u017enost\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho vlivu. V\u011bdci a ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody se p\u0159edh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed, ale i v\u00fdzkum na jejich z\u00e1chranu je nyn\u00ed v ohro\u017een\u00ed. Populace na pokraji Po tis\u00edce let se t\u011bmto kosatk\u00e1m da\u0159ilo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7189,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7190"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7190"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7190\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7190"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7190"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7190"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}