Lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo je jemn\u011b vylad\u011bn\u00fd stroj, kter\u00fd nejl\u00e9pe funguje v \u00fazk\u00e9m teplotn\u00edm rozsahu. Co se ale stane, kdy\u017e tuto rovnov\u00e1hu naru\u0161\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed chlad? Lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b snese mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teploty, ne\u017e si mnoz\u00ed uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek zkoum\u00e1 \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho podchlazen\u00ed a hypotermie vyvolan\u00e9 drogami a ukazuje, jak bl\u00edzko ke klinick\u00e9 smrti se lid\u00e9 mohou dostat a p\u0159esto se uzdravit. <\/p>\n
\u010clov\u011bk si udr\u017euje t\u011blesnou teplotu kolem 36,6\u00b0C. Kdy\u017e je t\u011blo vystaveno chladu, spou\u0161t\u00ed mechanismy p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed: krevn\u00ed c\u00e9vy se stahuj\u00ed, aby \u0161et\u0159ily teplo, t\u0159es vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed teplo a hus\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee se pokou\u0161\u00ed uzav\u0159\u00edt vzduch kv\u016fli izolaci. Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak tyto obrany sel\u017eou, nast\u00e1v\u00e1 podchlazen\u00ed<\/em> \u2013 nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd pokles pod 35\u00b0C. <\/p>\n M\u00edrn\u00e1 hypotermie (33\u201335 \u00b0C) zp\u016fsobuje zmatenost, hlad a bledou poko\u017eku. M\u00edrn\u00e1 hypotermie (pod 33\u00b0C) zp\u016fsobuje letargii, pomal\u00e9 d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed a znepokojiv\u00fd jev zvan\u00fd svl\u00e9kac\u00ed paradox<\/em> – kdy se lid\u00e9 i p\u0159es chlad svl\u00e9kaj\u00ed. T\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 hypotermie (pod 28 \u00b0C) vyp\u00edn\u00e1 \u017eivotn\u00ed funkce, zpomaluje srde\u010dn\u00ed frekvenci a krevn\u00ed tlak t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na klid. <\/p>\n Navzdory t\u011bmto smrteln\u00fdm n\u00e1sledk\u016fm se n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady vymykaj\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. V roce 1999 p\u0159e\u017eila \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e1 radiolo\u017eka Anna Bogenholmov\u00e1 pot\u00e9, co spadla do ledu a byla pono\u0159ena do mraziv\u00e9 vody na v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 minut. Jej\u00ed t\u011blesn\u00e1 teplota klesla na 13,7 \u00b0C, co\u017e je nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed zaznamenan\u00e1 teplota p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00fdch mimo l\u00e9ka\u0159skou p\u00e9\u010di. <\/p>\n Z\u00e1chran\u00e1\u0159i ji na\u0161li klinicky mrtvou, ale KPR a p\u0159\u00edstroj srdce-pl\u00edce ji vr\u00e1tily k \u017eivotu. Navzdory po\u0161kozen\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016f a nervov\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm se pln\u011b zotavila a b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f za\u010dala znovu pracovat a chodit na v\u00fdlety. Tento p\u0159\u00edpad ukazuje, jak extr\u00e9mn\u00ed chlad m\u016f\u017ee paradoxn\u011b z\u00edskat \u010das: zpomalen\u00ed metabolick\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f p\u0159i zachov\u00e1n\u00ed funkce mozku. <\/p>\n Polsk\u00e9 miminko Adam v roce 2014 vydr\u017eelo je\u0161t\u011b drsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Nalezen v bezv\u011bdom\u00ed po hodin\u00e1ch v chladu -7C, jeho t\u011blesn\u00e1 teplota klesla na 11,8C. Stejn\u011b jako Bogenholm byl Adam resuscitov\u00e1n pomoc\u00ed ventil\u00e1toru a po dvou m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v nemocnici se pln\u011b zotavil. <\/p>\n Tyto p\u0159\u00edpady ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 teploty, i kdy\u017e jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9, mohou tak\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu kysl\u00edku a \u017eivin v mozku a zpomalit bun\u011b\u010dnou smrt. Bogenholmov\u00e1 t\u011b\u017eila ze vzduchov\u00e9 kapsy pod ledem, kter\u00e1 poskytovala minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed kysl\u00edku, zat\u00edmco jej\u00ed t\u011blo chladlo. <\/p>\n L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 komunita ji\u017e dlouho uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 ochrann\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky n\u00edzk\u00fdch t\u011blesn\u00fdch teplot. Chirurgov\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed indukovanou hypotermii<\/em> ke zpomalen\u00ed metabolismu b\u011bhem slo\u017eit\u00fdch operac\u00ed, jako je operace na otev\u0159en\u00e9m srdci, co\u017e jim d\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce \u010dasu na pr\u00e1ci. Nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed zaznamenan\u00e1 teplota, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 funkce mozku p\u0159e\u017eila, jsou 4 \u00b0C, zaznamenan\u00e1 v roce 1961.<\/p>\n Modern\u00ed medic\u00edna je v\u0161ak opatrn\u00e1. Chlazen\u00ed sice m\u016f\u017ee chr\u00e1nit org\u00e1ny, ale tak\u00e9 zvy\u0161uje riziko infekc\u00ed, krevn\u00edch sra\u017eenin a selh\u00e1n\u00ed ledvin. Pokles t\u011blesn\u00e9 teploty je nyn\u00ed regulov\u00e1n konzervativn\u011bji. <\/p>\n P\u0159esto\u017ee p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed v extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch je vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edpady Bogenholma a Adama demonstruj\u00ed pozoruhodnou odolnost lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011bla. Nejspolehliv\u011bji dolo\u017eenou teplotou p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 11,8 \u00b0C (Adam\u016fv p\u0159\u00edpad), a\u010dkoli indukovan\u00e1 hypotermie za kontrolovan\u00fdch podm\u00ednek tuto hranici srazila na 4 \u00b0C. Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu lid\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejlep\u0161\u00ed strategi\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed vyh\u00fdbat se extr\u00e9mn\u00edmu chladu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo je jemn\u011b vylad\u011bn\u00fd stroj, kter\u00fd nejl\u00e9pe funguje v \u00fazk\u00e9m teplotn\u00edm rozsahu. Co se ale stane, kdy\u017e tuto rovnov\u00e1hu naru\u0161\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u00ed chlad? Lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b snese mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed teploty, ne\u017e si mnoz\u00ed uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed. Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek zkoum\u00e1 \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho podchlazen\u00ed a hypotermie vyvolan\u00e9 drogami a ukazuje, jak bl\u00edzko ke klinick\u00e9 smrti se lid\u00e9 mohou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7209"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7209"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7209\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7209"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7209"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7209"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed Anny Bogenholmov\u00e9<\/h3>\n
Neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 uzdraven\u00ed mal\u00e9ho Adama<\/h3>\n
Indukovan\u00e1 hypotermie: l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd n\u00e1stroj<\/h3>\n
V\u00fdsledky<\/h3>\n