{"id":7283,"date":"2026-01-22T14:33:06","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T12:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uaposlablennja-pravil-schodo-jakosti-povitrja-zashkodit\/"},"modified":"2026-01-22T14:33:06","modified_gmt":"2026-01-22T12:33:06","slug":"uk-uaposlablennja-pravil-schodo-jakosti-povitrja-zashkodit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uaposlablennja-pravil-schodo-jakosti-povitrja-zashkodit\/","title":{"rendered":"Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed pravidel pro kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed po\u0161kod\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed a ekonomiku"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl stolet\u00ed je Clean Air Act<\/strong> z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 stability ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Omezen\u00edm \u0161kodliv\u00fdch emis\u00ed zabr\u00e1nil milion\u016fm p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed, hospitalizac\u00ed a ztr\u00e1t\u011b produktivity. Hodnocen\u00ed z roku 2011 zjistilo, \u017ee limity zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kona vytvo\u0159ily do roku 2020 \u010dist\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2 bilion\u016f dolar\u016f<\/strong>, co\u017e je v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 65 miliard dolar\u016f vynalo\u017een\u00fdch na jeho implementaci. <\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 Agentura pro ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed (EPA) nyn\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed svou vynucovac\u00ed strategii t\u00edm, \u017ee odstra\u0148uje praxi v\u00fdpo\u010dtu ekonomick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f ur\u010dit\u00fdch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Odborn\u00edci varuj\u00ed, \u017ee zm\u011bna pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b povede ke \u0161pinav\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu vzduchu a hor\u0161\u00edmu zdrav\u00ed<\/strong> Ameri\u010dan\u016f. <\/p>\n

\u201eNemysl\u00edm si, \u017ee by se n\u011bkdo cht\u011bl vr\u00e1tit k tomu, \u017ee… nebude moci nic vid\u011bt,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Camille Pannu, expertka na pr\u00e1vo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed na Kolumbijsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b, v nar\u00e1\u017ece na podm\u00ednky, kter\u00e9 existovaly p\u0159ed z\u00e1konem o \u010dist\u00e9m ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n

EPA ji\u017e nebude kvantifikovat ekonomick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy omezen\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek, jako jsou PM2,5<\/strong> (jemn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice) a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech ozon. M\u00edsto toho se agentura zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed pouze na n\u00e1klady pr\u016fmyslu, kter\u00e9 by mohly podkopat logiku norem kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n

V\u011bda o zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ovzdu\u0161\u00ed<\/h3>\n

\u010c\u00e1stice PM2,5, kter\u00e9 jsou men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 2,5 mikronu, se mohou dostat do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu, po\u0161kodit pl\u00edce a dokonce ovlivnit funkci mozku. Expozice je spojena s diabetem, obezitou, demenc\u00ed, rakovinou, astmatem<\/strong> a nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fdmi porodn\u00edmi n\u00e1sledky. Oz\u00f3n, hlavn\u00ed slo\u017eka smogu, je nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd zejm\u00e9na pro lidi s d\u00fdchac\u00edmi probl\u00e9my, v\u010detn\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kon o \u010dist\u00e9m ovzdu\u0161\u00ed byl navr\u017een tak, aby se zab\u00fdval t\u011bmito probl\u00e9my ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed a uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee i nedokonal\u00e1 anal\u00fdza n\u00e1klad\u016f a p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f je rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed pro ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed regulace. Bez takov\u00fdch hodnocen\u00ed, Pannu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, “v\u0161echno je drah\u00e9 a nic nestoj\u00ed za regulaci.” <\/p>\n

Nejistota a dohled<\/h3>\n

EPA od\u016fvod\u0148uje zm\u011bnu argumentem, \u017ee p\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010dty zdravotn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f byly nep\u0159esn\u00e9. Odborn\u00edci v\u0161ak nam\u00edtaj\u00ed, \u017ee tato nejistota je vlastn\u00ed v\u011bd\u011b o \u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ale neodstra\u0148uje pot\u0159ebu hodnocen\u00ed. P\u016fvodn\u00edm z\u00e1m\u011brem z\u00e1kona bylo, aby EPA regulovala i<\/em> tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 ne\u00fapln\u00fdm \u00fadaj\u016fm. <\/p>\n

Des\u00edtky let studi\u00ed srovn\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 a \u010dist\u0161\u00ed oblasti v kombinaci s ekonomick\u00fdmi studiemi oce\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edmi lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot poskytly pevn\u00fd z\u00e1klad pro tyto odhady. Nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ednosy z\u00e1kona o \u010dist\u00e9m ovzdu\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed jeho n\u00e1klady, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed se fakticky \u201eplat\u00ed samo\u201c a dokonce financuje EPA. <\/p>\n

Zachr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 roky \u017eivota a zabr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00ed \u00famrt\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Od roku 1970 p\u0159idaly dodatky k z\u00e1konu o \u010dist\u00e9m ovzdu\u0161\u00ed Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm 336 milion\u016f let \u017eivota<\/strong>. Do roku 2020 se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee aktualizace z roku 1990 zabr\u00e1n\u00ed 230 000 p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdm \u00famrt\u00edm<\/strong>, 75 000 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm bronchitidy, 120 000 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u00e1m pohotovosti a 17 milion\u016fm ztracen\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch dn\u016f. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 85 % t\u011bchto p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f je zp\u016fsobeno sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm PM2,5. <\/p>\n

P\u0159edchoz\u00ed anal\u00fdzy EPA soustavn\u011b podce\u0148ovaly n\u00e1klady regulace, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00fd krok by mohl b\u00fdt napaden u soudu. Agentura je ze z\u00e1kona povinna zakl\u00e1dat sv\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed na transparentn\u00edch datech. <\/p>\n

Rozsah zm\u011bny<\/h3>\n

Nov\u00e1 politika by mohla p\u0159esahovat PM2,5 a ozon a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b ovlivnit limity emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f, stejn\u011b jako pravidla pro regulaci oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9ho a oxidu si\u0159i\u010dit\u00e9ho z elektr\u00e1ren. Navzdory t\u011bmto zm\u011bn\u00e1m EPA tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je i nad\u00e1le odhodl\u00e1na chr\u00e1nit ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed, i kdy\u017e v tuto chv\u00edli nebude \u201emonetizovat\u201c dopady. <\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco p\u0159edchoz\u00ed administrativy n\u011bkdy vynech\u00e1valy kvantifikaci zdravotn\u00edch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f, odborn\u00edci zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed PM2,5 a ozonu pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejsn\u00e1ze m\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy pro \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n

“Je zklam\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee EPA nem\u00e1 z\u00e1jem u\u010dinit nejlep\u0161\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed pro ve\u0159ejnost,” \u0159ekla Rachel Rothschildov\u00e1, expertka na pr\u00e1vo \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed z University of Michigan. <\/p>\n

Rozhodnut\u00ed depriorizovat dopady na zdrav\u00ed v regula\u010dn\u00edch rozhodnut\u00edch vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b budoucnosti norem kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a dlouhodob\u00e9ho blahobytu Ameri\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl stolet\u00ed je Clean Air Act z\u00e1kladn\u00edm kamenem ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 stability ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Omezen\u00edm \u0161kodliv\u00fdch emis\u00ed zabr\u00e1nil milion\u016fm p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed, hospitalizac\u00ed a ztr\u00e1t\u011b produktivity. Hodnocen\u00ed z roku 2011 zjistilo, \u017ee limity zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kona vytvo\u0159ily do roku 2020 \u010dist\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2 bilion\u016f dolar\u016f, co\u017e je v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7282,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7283"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7283"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7283\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}