Po tis\u00edce let z\u016fstalo d\u00edlo Hipparcha, jednoho z nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch astronom\u016f v historii, pro potomstvo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ztraceno. Jeho podrobn\u00fd katalog hv\u011bzd, z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro pochopen\u00ed evoluce v\u011bdeck\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze v rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b \u2013 skryt\u00fd pod vrstvami p\u0159epsan\u00e9ho textu ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m rukopisu zn\u00e1m\u00e9m jako Codex Climaci Rescriptus. Nyn\u00ed v\u011bdci s pou\u017eit\u00edm nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technologie urychlova\u010de \u010d\u00e1stic dos\u00e1hli pr\u016flomu a odhalili d\u0159\u00edve ne\u010diteln\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti tohoto starov\u011bk\u00e9ho archivu. <\/p>\n
Codex Climaci Rescriptus je palimpsest<\/em> – rukopis, kde byl p\u016fvodn\u00ed text vymaz\u00e1n a nahrazen nov\u00fdm, aby se u\u0161et\u0159il drah\u00fd pergamen. Tato praxe, b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 v cel\u00e9 historii, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jedine\u010dnou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku pro modern\u00ed v\u011bdce. Zat\u00edmco tradi\u010dn\u00ed metody, jako je chemick\u00e9 o\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a pou\u017eit\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch sv\u011bteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, byly pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny po stalet\u00ed, \u010dasto nesta\u010d\u00ed k \u00fapln\u00e9mu obnoven\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho textu. Doposud nejpodrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ehled nab\u00edzej\u00ed modern\u00ed zobrazovac\u00ed techniky, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch synchrotronov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. <\/p>\n V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory v Menlo Park v Kalifornii pou\u017eili synchrotron \u2013 typ urychlova\u010de \u010d\u00e1stic \u2013 k proniknut\u00ed vrstvami rukopisu. Urychlen\u00edm nabit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic na rychlost bl\u00edzkou rychlosti sv\u011btla a jejich nucen\u00edm k cirkulaci v magnetick\u00e9m poli generovaly intenzivn\u00ed paprsky rentgenov\u00e9ho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Tyto chom\u00e1\u010de reaguj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u011b s r\u016fzn\u00fdm slo\u017een\u00edm inkoustu: nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed inkousty obsahuj\u00ed v\u00edce \u017eeleza, zat\u00edmco star\u0161\u00ed inkousty z doby Hipparchovy zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed stopy bohat\u00e9 na v\u00e1pn\u00edk. Rentgenov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00fdraznilo tyto chemick\u00e9 rozd\u00edly a umo\u017enilo v\u011bdc\u016fm rozli\u0161it a rozlu\u0161tit vymazan\u00fd text. <\/p>\n Prvn\u00ed objevy proveden\u00e9 v roce 2021 potvrdily p\u0159\u00edtomnost jmen a rozm\u011br\u016f souhv\u011bzd\u00ed p\u0159isuzovan\u00fdch Hipparchovi. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 synchrotronov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza slibuje odhalit je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce jeho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco Hipparchovy koment\u00e1\u0159e a hv\u011bzdn\u00e1 mapa vyobrazen\u00e1 ve Farneseho atlasu ji\u017e poskytly pohled na jeho pr\u00e1ci, nov\u011b objeven\u00fd materi\u00e1l m\u016f\u017ee zaplnit kritick\u00e9 mezery v na\u0161em ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n Odborn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee dokon\u010den\u00e1 anal\u00fdza Codex Climaci Rescriptus poskytne dosud nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sb\u00edrku Hipparchov\u00fdch dat. Objev by tak\u00e9 mohl vy\u0159e\u0161it dlouholet\u00e9 debaty o originalit\u011b pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch astronom\u016f, jako byl Ptolemaios, a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b odhalit, zda jejich pr\u00e1ce vych\u00e1zela z d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch Hipparchov\u00fdch objev\u016f, nebo zda p\u0159\u00edmo sestavovali jeho data. <\/p>\n “Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou my\u0161lenky SLAC je to, \u017ee z jedn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed str\u00e1nky tohoto palimpsestu lze obnovit zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed [d\u0159\u00edve nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho] textu.” – Bradley Schaefer, historik astronomie na Louisiansk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzit\u011b<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Obnoven\u00ed Hipparchova katalogu ztracen\u00fdch hv\u011bzd zd\u016fraz\u0148uje s\u00edlu interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu \u2013 kombinuj\u00edc\u00ed klasickou v\u011bdu se \u0161pi\u010dkovou fyzikou \u2013 k osv\u011btlen\u00ed z\u00e1klad\u016f modern\u00ed v\u011bdy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Po tis\u00edce let z\u016fstalo d\u00edlo Hipparcha, jednoho z nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch astronom\u016f v historii, pro potomstvo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ztraceno. Jeho podrobn\u00fd katalog hv\u011bzd, z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro pochopen\u00ed evoluce v\u011bdeck\u00fdch pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pouze v rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 podob\u011b \u2013 skryt\u00fd pod vrstvami p\u0159epsan\u00e9ho textu ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m rukopisu zn\u00e1m\u00e9m jako Codex Climaci Rescriptus. Nyn\u00ed v\u011bdci s pou\u017eit\u00edm nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed technologie urychlova\u010de \u010d\u00e1stic dos\u00e1hli pr\u016flomu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7343"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7343"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7343\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7342"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7343"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Jak \u010d\u00e1sticov\u00e1 fyzika odhaluje minulost<\/h3>\n
Hipparch\u016fv odkaz a pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h3>\n
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