{"id":7345,"date":"2026-01-31T23:57:22","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T21:57:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uachomu-kosmichnij-teleskop-habbl-zalishayetsja-nezaminnim-ru\/"},"modified":"2026-01-31T23:57:22","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T21:57:22","slug":"uk-uachomu-kosmichnij-teleskop-habbl-zalishayetsja-nezaminnim-ru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uachomu-kosmichnij-teleskop-habbl-zalishayetsja-nezaminnim-ru\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d je Hubble\u016fv vesm\u00edrn\u00fd dalekohled nepostradateln\u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"
    \n
  1. dubna 1990 znamenalo vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Hubbleova vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho dalekohledu zlom v astronomii. Navzdory z\u00e1krytu nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vesm\u00edrn\u00fdm teleskopem Jamese Webba (JWST) z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Hubble\u016fv teleskop nejen relevantn\u00ed, ale i z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru. Odm\u00edtnout jej jako zastaral\u00fd je nep\u0159esn\u00e9 a ignoruje jedine\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti, kter\u00e9 jej \u010din\u00ed nepostradateln\u00fdm. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    V\u00fdhoda j\u00edt za hranice atmosf\u00e9ry<\/h3>\n

    P\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou HST byla jeho poloha nad<\/em> zemskou atmosf\u00e9rou. Pozemn\u00ed dalekohledy trp\u00ed zkreslen\u00edm atmosf\u00e9ry, sv\u011bteln\u00fdm zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm a absorpc\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lek, zejm\u00e9na ultrafialov\u00e9ho a infra\u010derven\u00e9ho spektra. Ob\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed za t\u011bmito omezen\u00edmi umo\u017enilo Hubbleovi dos\u00e1hnout neb\u00fdval\u00e9 jasnosti a p\u0159\u00edstupu k d\u0159\u00edve skryt\u00fdm \u010d\u00e1stem elektromagnetick\u00e9ho spektra. To mu umo\u017enilo pozorovat slab\u0161\u00ed objekty, m\u011b\u0159it rychlost rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru, studovat planet\u00e1rn\u00ed vzorce po\u010das\u00ed a potvrzovat existenci supermasivn\u00edch \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b velk\u00fdch galaxi\u00ed. <\/p>\n

    Hubble vs. Webb: nikoli n\u00e1hrada, ale dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje<\/h3>\n

    Tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee JWST \u201enahradil\u201c Hubblea, je zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco JWST je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a optimalizovan\u00fd pro infra\u010derven\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, Hubble vynik\u00e1 ve viditeln\u00e9m sv\u011btle. Oba dalekohledy byly navr\u017eeny pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely a poskytuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy dat. S\u00edla JWST spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pronik\u00e1n\u00ed kosmick\u00fdm prachem k detekci nejran\u011bj\u0161\u00edch galaxi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou vysoce posunut\u00e9 v infra\u010derven\u00e9 oblasti. Hubble na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b poskytuje sn\u00edmky ve viditeln\u00e9m sv\u011btle s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm, kter\u00fdm se JWST nem\u016f\u017ee rovnat. <\/p>\n

    Neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 \u017eivotnost po \u0161patn\u00e9m za\u010d\u00e1tku<\/h3>\n

    Hubbleova cesta se neobe\u0161la bez p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek. Dalekohled byl vypu\u0161t\u011bn s vadn\u00fdm zrcadlem a zpo\u010d\u00e1tku produkoval rozmazan\u00e9 sn\u00edmky. To vy\u017eadovalo n\u00e1kladnou a odv\u00e1\u017enou opravnou misi ve vesm\u00edru v roce 1993, ale opraven\u00e1 data zm\u011bnila pole. Tento p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou toho, \u017ee i nedokonal\u00e9 za\u010d\u00e1tky mohou v\u00e9st k monument\u00e1ln\u00edm pr\u016flom\u016fm a \u017ee pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed investice do v\u011bdy mohou p\u0159ekonat technick\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee. <\/p>\n

    Cena a v\u00fdkon: ironie pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru<\/h3>\n

    Hubble i JWST \u010delily p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed rozpo\u010dtu a zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, co\u017e nakonec st\u00e1lo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 miliard dolar\u016f ka\u017ed\u00fd. Po zapo\u010dten\u00ed inflace a zahrnut\u00ed servisn\u00edch mis\u00ed se p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee JWST je levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/em> ne\u017e Hubble. Je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee JWST byl spu\u0161t\u011bn s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bezchybn\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem, zat\u00edmco Hubble vy\u017eadoval roky \u00faprav. Hubble se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zal jako pozoruhodn\u011b odoln\u00fd, p\u0159ekonal svou p\u016fvodn\u00ed 15letou \u017eivotnost a b\u011bhem 35 let nashrom\u00e1\u017edil v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,7 milionu pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n

    D\u011bdictv\u00ed vytrvalosti<\/h3>\n

    Navzdory st\u00e1rnut\u00ed gyroskop\u016f a nevyhnuteln\u00e9 degradaci in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i neust\u00e1le optimalizovali v\u00fdkon HST. NASA m\u00e1 za sebou historii prodlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivotnosti sv\u00fdch mis\u00ed: Chandra, Spitzer a Fermi p\u0159e\u017eili sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed projekce. Pokud si JWST zachov\u00e1 dlouhov\u011bkost HST, mohl by z\u016fstat funk\u010dn\u00ed a\u017e do roku 2057.<\/p>\n

    \n

    Hlavn\u00edm z\u00e1v\u011brem je, \u017ee HST nen\u00ed zastaral\u00fd; je trval\u00fdm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm lidsk\u00e9 vynal\u00e9zavosti a kritickou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed na\u0161eho pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru. Budoucnost astronomie nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v nahrazen\u00ed zastaral\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f, ale v budov\u00e1n\u00ed na nich, abychom roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    dubna 1990 znamenalo vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Hubbleova vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho dalekohledu zlom v astronomii. Navzdory z\u00e1krytu nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vesm\u00edrn\u00fdm teleskopem Jamese Webba (JWST) z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Hubble\u016fv teleskop nejen relevantn\u00ed, ale i z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru. Odm\u00edtnout jej jako zastaral\u00fd je nep\u0159esn\u00e9 a ignoruje jedine\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti, kter\u00e9 jej \u010din\u00ed nepostradateln\u00fdm. V\u00fdhoda j\u00edt za hranice atmosf\u00e9ry P\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou HST byla jeho poloha […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7344,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7345"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7345"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7345\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}