{"id":7347,"date":"2026-01-31T23:59:12","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T21:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uastrumin-chornoyi-diri-na-vidstani-3000-svitlovih-rokiv-vijavlena\/"},"modified":"2026-01-31T23:59:12","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T21:59:12","slug":"uk-uastrumin-chornoyi-diri-na-vidstani-3000-svitlovih-rokiv-vijavlena","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uastrumin-chornoyi-diri-na-vidstani-3000-svitlovih-rokiv-vijavlena\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdtrysk \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry ve vzd\u00e1lenosti 3000 sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let: objeven startovac\u00ed bod"},"content":{"rendered":"

Astronomov\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dili pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd p\u016fvod kolos\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdtrysku vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho ze supermasivn\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry M87*, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 55 milion\u016f sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let daleko v galaxii Messier 87. Pr\u016flom poskytuje prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd d\u016fkaz o tom, jak je hmota vyvr\u017eena ze z\u00e1kladny takov\u00e9 extr\u00e9mn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti. <\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed vyfotografovan\u00e1 \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra<\/h3>\n

M87 m\u00e1 historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam jako <\/em> prvn\u00ed \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra, kter\u00e1 kdy byla p\u0159\u00edmo zobrazena<\/em> * v roce 2019 dalekohledem Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). Sn\u00edmek uk\u00e1zal prstenec sv\u011btla kolem temn\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed oblasti \u2013 \u201est\u00edn\u201c \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry \u2013 a nazna\u010doval siln\u00e9 v\u00fdtrysky sahaj\u00edc\u00ed daleko do vesm\u00edru. Tyto v\u00fdtrysky jsou proudy vysokoenergetick\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic vyvr\u017een\u00fdch rychlost\u00ed bl\u00edzkou rychlosti sv\u011btla. <\/p>\n

Odhalen\u00ed odpalovac\u00ed rampy tryskov\u00e9ho letadla<\/h3>\n

Nov\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Astronomy & Astrophysics<\/em> p\u0159edstavuje pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed EHT, kter\u00e1 identifikuj\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd zdroj<\/strong> trysk\u00e1\u010de M87. Studiem p\u0159eh\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho \u010dernou d\u00edru v\u011bdci objevili oblast, kde se zd\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00fdtrysk poch\u00e1z\u00ed. Samotn\u00fd v\u00fdtrysk zasahuje do mezigalaktick\u00e9ho prostoru \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch <\/em> 3 000 sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let<\/em> *, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed jeden z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch pozorovan\u00fdch. <\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h3>\n

Pochopen\u00ed toho, jak \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry vypou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed tyto v\u00fdtrysky, je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • V\u00fddej energie:<\/strong> V\u00fdtrysky odn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie a ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed tak v\u00fdvoj okoln\u00ed galaxie. <\/li>\n
  • Procesy nar\u016fst\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> P\u016fvod v\u00fdtrysku odhaluje, jak hmota pad\u00e1 do \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br (akrece) a jak tento proces vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed takov\u00e9 extr\u00e9mn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti. <\/li>\n
  • Fyzika \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br:<\/strong> Studiem M87* mohou v\u011bdci testovat teorie o tom, jak se \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry chovaj\u00ed v t\u011bch nejextr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Vedouc\u00ed autor Saurabh z Institutu Maxe Plancka v N\u011bmecku uvedl, \u017ee studie je \u201ebrzk\u00fdm krokem k propojen\u00ed teoretick\u00e9ho ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed start\u016f tryskov\u00fdch letadel s p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi pozorov\u00e1n\u00edmi\u201c. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159isp\u011bj\u00ed k budouc\u00edmu v\u00fdzkumu M87* a dal\u0161\u00edch supermasivn\u00edch \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br, co\u017e v\u011bdc\u016fm umo\u017en\u00ed d\u00e1le odhalit tajemstv\u00ed t\u011bchto kosmick\u00fdch motor\u016f. <\/p>\n

    \n

    Jasn\u00e9 definov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladny trysk\u00e1\u010de p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd d\u00edlek do skl\u00e1da\u010dky a p\u0159ibli\u017euje n\u00e1s k pochopen\u00ed toho, jak \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry funguj\u00ed na vrcholu sv\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Astronomov\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dili pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd p\u016fvod kolos\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdtrysku vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho ze supermasivn\u00ed \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry M87*, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 55 milion\u016f sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let daleko v galaxii Messier 87. Pr\u016flom poskytuje prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd d\u016fkaz o tom, jak je hmota vyvr\u017eena ze z\u00e1kladny takov\u00e9 extr\u00e9mn\u00ed kosmick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti. Prvn\u00ed vyfotografovan\u00e1 \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra M87 m\u00e1 historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam jako prvn\u00ed \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra, kter\u00e1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7346,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7347"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7347"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7347\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7347"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7347"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7347"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}