{"id":7349,"date":"2026-02-01T00:00:37","date_gmt":"2026-01-31T22:00:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uazabutij-genij-ketrin-berr-blodzhett-i-tin-irvinga-lengmjura-ru\/"},"modified":"2026-02-01T00:00:37","modified_gmt":"2026-01-31T22:00:37","slug":"uk-uazabutij-genij-ketrin-berr-blodzhett-i-tin-irvinga-lengmjura-ru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uazabutij-genij-ketrin-berr-blodzhett-i-tin-irvinga-lengmjura-ru\/","title":{"rendered":"Zapomenut\u00fd g\u00e9nius: Katharine Burr Blodgett a st\u00edn Irvinga Langmuira"},"content":{"rendered":"

Katharine Burr Blodgett byla pr\u016fkopnic\u00ed v oblasti chemie, kter\u00e1 u\u010dinila p\u0159evratn\u00e9 objevy ve v\u011bd\u011b o materi\u00e1lech, ale jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky byly do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry zast\u00edn\u011bny jej\u00edm kolegou Irvingem Langmuirem. Toto je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh geni\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u011bdce, kter\u00fd po desetilet\u00ed d\u0159el ve st\u00ednu nositele Nobelovy ceny, jeho\u017e pr\u00e1ce byla kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1, ale \u010dasto z\u016fstala nepov\u0161imnuta. <\/p>\n

Vizion\u00e1\u0159, temperamentn\u00ed s ambicemi<\/h3>\n

Katharine Blodgett se narodila v roce 1898 svobodn\u00e9 matce, kter\u00e1 si nade v\u0161e cenila vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, a vyr\u016fstala s neobvyklou intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed svobodou. Jej\u00ed matka, vdova jm\u00e9nem Katharine Buchanan Burr Blodgett, poskytla sv\u00fdm d\u011btem, Katharine a jej\u00edmu bratrovi Georgeovi, p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b plynulosti n\u011bkolika jazyk\u016f. Tato v\u00fdchova nebyla jen akademick\u00e1; bylo to strategick\u00e9. Matka pochopila, \u017ee v\u011bda vy\u017eaduje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup, a tak byla jej\u00ed dcera p\u0159ipravena na sv\u011bt, kde n\u011bm\u010dina byla lingua franca v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu. Ji\u017e ve \u010dty\u0159ech letech um\u011bla Katharina ps\u00e1t a projevovala ran\u00fd talent, kter\u00fd p\u0159edznamenal v\u011bdeckou mysl, kterou se stane. <\/p>\n

Od plynov\u00fdch masek k nanotechnologii<\/h3>\n

Blodgettova ran\u00e1 kari\u00e9ra ji zavedla do Bryn Mawr a Cambridge, kde se stala jednou z prvn\u00edch \u017een, kter\u00e9 z\u00edskaly doktor\u00e1t z fyziky. B\u011bhem 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky uplatnila sv\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 schopnosti na vylep\u0161en\u00ed plynov\u00fdch masek, co\u017e byla ponur\u00e1 nutnost, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edznamenala jej\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ci s ochrann\u00fdmi n\u00e1t\u011bry. Ale bylo to v General Electric (GE), kde skute\u010dn\u011b rozkvetla, kdy\u017e se v pouh\u00fdch 20 letech p\u0159ipojila k pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 laborato\u0159i. <\/p>\n

Tam rozvinula Langmuir\u016fv d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum vyvinut\u00edm metody pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed ultratenk\u00fdch film\u016f \u2013 vrstev molekul o tlou\u0161\u0165ce pouze 1\/10 000 000 palce. Tyto “Langmuir-Blodgett filmy” (p\u0159esto\u017ee jsou z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Blodgettov\u00fdm vyn\u00e1lezem) zp\u016fsobily revoluci ve v\u011bd\u011b o materi\u00e1lech a polo\u017eily z\u00e1klady pro nanotechnologii a modern\u00ed povlaky pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 ve v\u0161em, od br\u00fdl\u00ed po elektroniku. <\/p>\n

Vymaz\u00e1no z historie<\/h3>\n

P\u0159es jej\u00ed pr\u016flomy z\u016fstala Blodgett z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti nepoznan\u00e1. Langmuir dostal v roce 1932 Nobelovu cenu za souvisej\u00edc\u00ed objevy, ale film nesouc\u00ed ob\u011b jm\u00e9na je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n hlavn\u011b jemu. Historici a sou\u010dasn\u00edci si v\u0161\u00edmaj\u00ed ostr\u00e9ho kontrastu: Langmuir byl slavn\u00fd v\u011bdec, zat\u00edmco Blodgett byl tich\u00fd, oddan\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk pracuj\u00edc\u00ed v jeho st\u00ednu. Tato nerovnov\u00e1ha nebyla n\u00e1hodn\u00e1; archivn\u00ed d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee mnoho z Blodgettov\u00fdch origin\u00e1ln\u00edch laboratorn\u00edch notebook\u016f bylo ztraceno nebo zni\u010deno, co\u017e zatemnilo cel\u00fd rozsah jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f. <\/p>\n

Lost Notebooks and the Search for Recognition<\/h3>\n

Badatel\u00e9 jako Peggy Schott dnes d\u00e1vaj\u00ed dohromady Blodgett\u016fv p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh z fragment\u016f ve sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch knihoven a osobn\u00ed korespondence. Schott za\u0161el dokonce tak daleko, \u017ee na akademick\u00e9 konferenci zt\u011blesnil Blodgett a p\u0159ivedl zp\u011bt hlas, kter\u00fd historie uml\u010dela. Chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed laboratorn\u00ed notebooky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed mezerou v pochopen\u00ed Blodgettova tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edho procesu, ale jedna v\u011bc je jasn\u00e1: jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ce byla kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1. <\/p>\n

Ironii neztratili ani ti, kdo studuj\u00ed jej\u00ed \u017eivot. N\u00e1t\u011bry Blodgett jsou v\u0161ude<\/em> \u2013 v antireflexn\u00edch sklech, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch f\u00f3li\u00edch a v mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch aplikac\u00edch. Jej\u00ed odkaz je neviditeln\u00fd, ale v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd, sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o g\u00e9niovi, kter\u00fd byl z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zapomenut. <\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Katharine Burr Blodgett slou\u017e\u00ed jako ostr\u00e1 p\u0159ipom\u00ednka toho, \u017ee v\u011bdeck\u00fd pokrok \u010dasto z\u00e1vis\u00ed na neuznan\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed pracuj\u00ed v z\u00e1kulis\u00ed. Jej\u00ed ob\u011btavost, vynal\u00e9zavost a z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9 maz\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f vy\u017eaduj\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Katharine Burr Blodgett byla pr\u016fkopnic\u00ed v oblasti chemie, kter\u00e1 u\u010dinila p\u0159evratn\u00e9 objevy ve v\u011bd\u011b o materi\u00e1lech, ale jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky byly do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry zast\u00edn\u011bny jej\u00edm kolegou Irvingem Langmuirem. Toto je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh geni\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u011bdce, kter\u00fd po desetilet\u00ed d\u0159el ve st\u00ednu nositele Nobelovy ceny, jeho\u017e pr\u00e1ce byla kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1, ale \u010dasto z\u016fstala nepov\u0161imnuta. Vizion\u00e1\u0159, temperamentn\u00ed s ambicemi Katharine […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7348,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7349"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7349"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7349\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7348"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}