{"id":7420,"date":"2026-02-22T00:39:46","date_gmt":"2026-02-21T22:39:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uaproriv-u-doslidzhennjah-bananiv-daye-nadiju-proti-zagrozi\/"},"modified":"2026-02-22T00:39:46","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T22:39:46","slug":"uk-uaproriv-u-doslidzhennjah-bananiv-daye-nadiju-proti-zagrozi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uaproriv-u-doslidzhennjah-bananiv-daye-nadiju-proti-zagrozi\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u016flom ve v\u00fdzkumu ban\u00e1n\u016f poskytuje nad\u011bji proti hrozb\u011b vyhynut\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sv\u011btov\u011b obl\u00edben\u00e9 \u017elut\u00e9 ovoce, ban\u00e1n, \u010del\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 hrozb\u011b rychle se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed houbov\u00e9 choroby zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Fusarium wilt neboli Panamsk\u00e1 choroba. Toto nen\u00ed nov\u00fd probl\u00e9m; v 50. letech 20. stolet\u00ed nemoc vyhubila obl\u00edbenou odr\u016fdu Gros Michel a donutila p\u011bstitele p\u0159ej\u00edt na Cavendish \u2013 kter\u00fd je nyn\u00ed<\/em> pod \u00fatokem. Budoucnost tohoto odv\u011btv\u00ed v hodnot\u011b 140 miliard USD a potravinov\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost v\u00edce ne\u017e 400 milion\u016f lid\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na nalezen\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Hrozba: Fusarium Wilt Vysv\u011btleno<\/h3>\n

Fusarium vadnut\u00ed je zp\u016fsobeno p\u016fdn\u00ed houbou, kter\u00e1 blokuje transport \u017eivin v ban\u00e1nov\u00fdch rostlin\u00e1ch, co\u017e zp\u016fsobuje vadnut\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edpadnou smrt. Nejagresivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kmen, Subtropical Race 4 (STR4), postihuje ban\u00e1ny v subtropick\u00fdch oblastech, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Patogen p\u0159etrv\u00e1v\u00e1 v p\u016fd\u011b, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pole mohou po infekci z\u016fstat po mnoho let nepou\u017eiteln\u00e1. <\/p>\n

New Genomic Discovery nab\u00edz\u00ed cestu k udr\u017eitelnosti<\/h3>\n

V\u011bdci z University of Queensland v Austr\u00e1lii identifikovali kl\u00ed\u010dovou genomickou oblast u divok\u00fdch ban\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00e1 prop\u016fj\u010duje rezistenci v\u016f\u010di STR4. T\u00fdm po p\u011bti letech intenzivn\u00edho \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed a testov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159esn\u011b ur\u010dil konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed na chromozomu 5 v odr\u016fd\u011b Calcutta 4, kter\u00e1 tuto rezistenci poskytuje. K\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00edm Calcutta 4 s citliv\u00fdmi ban\u00e1ny Cavendish byli schopni vystopovat ochrann\u00e9 geny. <\/p>\n

\n

\u201eIdentifikace a zaveden\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9 odolnosti divok\u00fdch ban\u00e1n\u016f je dlouhodob\u00fdm a udr\u017eiteln\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm tohoto probl\u00e9mu,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Dr. Andrew Chen, spoluautor studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v Horticulture Research<\/em>. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Od divok\u00fdch gen\u016f ke komer\u010dn\u00edm plodin\u00e1m<\/h3>\n

Ban\u00e1n Calcutta 4 s\u00e1m o sob\u011b nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fd pro komer\u010dn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed z d\u016fvodu \u0161patn\u00e9 kvality ovoce. Tento objev v\u0161ak umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u011bdc\u016fm vyvinout molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed markery pro \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed odolnosti sazenic ban\u00e1n\u016f p\u0159ed<\/em> p\u0159\u00edznaky infekce. To v\u00fdrazn\u011b urychl\u00ed \u0161lechtitelsk\u00e9 programy, sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1klady a urychl\u00ed v\u00fdvoj jedl\u00fdch odr\u016fd odoln\u00fdch v\u016f\u010di chorob\u00e1m. <\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm krokem je vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ban\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou nejen odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di vadnut\u00ed Fusarium, ale tak\u00e9 spl\u0148uj\u00ed po\u017eadavky producent\u016f a spot\u0159ebitel\u016f. S\u00e1zka je vysok\u00e1: ban\u00e1ny jsou \u010dtvrt\u00fdm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zdrojem potravy na sv\u011bt\u011b, poskytuj\u00ed 15\u201327 % denn\u00edch kalori\u00ed pro stovky milion\u016f lid\u00ed a 80 % ban\u00e1n\u016f se konzumuje lok\u00e1ln\u011b. <\/p>\n

Spolupr\u00e1ce v oboru je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1<\/h3>\n

Ochrana dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce ban\u00e1n\u016f vy\u017eaduje koordinovan\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed. Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel Fresh Del Monte Produce Mohammad Abu-Ghazaleh \u0159ekl, \u017ee pr\u016fmysl mus\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b podporovat producenty a stabilizovat produkci, aby zabr\u00e1nil z\u00e1niku ovoce \u2013 a \u017eivobyt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 podporuje. Tento pr\u016flom je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm krokem k tomuto c\u00edli, ale k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed budoucnosti, ve kter\u00e9 ban\u00e1ny z\u016fstanou snadno dostupn\u00e9 pro budouc\u00ed generace, je nutn\u00fd pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, investice a spolupr\u00e1ce.<\/strong> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sv\u011btov\u011b obl\u00edben\u00e9 \u017elut\u00e9 ovoce, ban\u00e1n, \u010del\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 hrozb\u011b rychle se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed houbov\u00e9 choroby zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako Fusarium wilt neboli Panamsk\u00e1 choroba. Toto nen\u00ed nov\u00fd probl\u00e9m; v 50. letech 20. stolet\u00ed nemoc vyhubila obl\u00edbenou odr\u016fdu Gros Michel a donutila p\u011bstitele p\u0159ej\u00edt na Cavendish \u2013 kter\u00fd je nyn\u00ed pod \u00fatokem. Budoucnost tohoto odv\u011btv\u00ed v hodnot\u011b 140 miliard USD […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7419,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7420"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7420"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7420\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7419"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}