{"id":7442,"date":"2026-02-25T19:26:17","date_gmt":"2026-02-25T17:26:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uamogilnik-kamjanogo-viku-rozkrivaye-gliboki-rodinni-dereva-ru\/"},"modified":"2026-02-25T19:26:17","modified_gmt":"2026-02-25T17:26:17","slug":"uk-uamogilnik-kamjanogo-viku-rozkrivaye-gliboki-rodinni-dereva-ru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uamogilnik-kamjanogo-viku-rozkrivaye-gliboki-rodinni-dereva-ru\/","title":{"rendered":"Poh\u0159eb z doby kamenn\u00e9 odhaluje ne\u010dekan\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9 vazby"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nov\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 studie 5500 let star\u00e9ho poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku p\u0159episuje na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 struktury z doby kamenn\u00e9. V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee lid\u00e9 poh\u0159ben\u00ed spolu nebyli v\u017edy nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed rodinn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci \u2013 mnoz\u00ed byli p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed druh\u00e9ho nebo t\u0159et\u00edho stupn\u011b, co\u017e nazna\u010duje v\u011bdom\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch rodinn\u00fdch vazeb. Tento n\u00e1lez zpochyb\u0148uje p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee starov\u011bk\u00e9 poh\u0159by prim\u00e1rn\u011b ctily pouze nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky, co\u017e nazna\u010duje slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spole\u010denskou organizaci, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo. <\/p>\n<h3>Krom\u011b nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed rodiny<\/h3>\n<p>Studie, kterou provedli v\u011bdci z Uppsalsk\u00e9 univerzity a publikovala v \u010dasopise <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences<\/em>, analyzovala DNA ze \u010dty\u0159 hrob\u016f v archeologick\u00e9 lokalit\u011b Ajvide na \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9m ostrov\u011b Gotland. Region byl domovem kultur lovc\u016f a sb\u011bra\u010d\u016f, zat\u00edmco zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo po velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Evropy. <\/p>\n<p>Genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza odhaluje ne\u010dekan\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9 vztahy:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V jednom hrob\u011b byla mlad\u00e1 \u017eena, \u010dty\u0159let\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b a nemluvn\u011b. D\u011bti byly \u00fapln\u00fdmi sourozenci, ale \u017eena byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jejich teta nebo nevlastn\u00ed sestra. <\/li>\n<li>V jin\u00e9m hrob\u011b vedle ostatk\u016f dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho otce, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159evezen z jin\u00e9ho m\u00edsta, le\u017eela mlad\u00e1 d\u00edvka. <\/li>\n<li>Dal\u0161\u00ed dva hroby obsahovaly p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 t\u0159et\u00edho stupn\u011b, jako jsou bratranci nebo pratety. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Takov\u00e9 poh\u0159by nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 v t\u00e9to kultu\u0159e pe\u010dliv\u011b sledovali p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 vazby mimo nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed rodinu &#8211; objev, kter\u00fd by mohl zm\u011bnit interpretace spole\u010dnosti doby kamenn\u00e9. <\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d na tom z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed: N\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady o starov\u011bk\u00fdch spole\u010densk\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<p>Po desetilet\u00ed archeologov\u00e9 teoretizovali, \u017ee starov\u011bk\u00e9 poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ritu\u00e1ly d\u00e1valy p\u0159ednost nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm rodinn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016fm. Ajvide\u016fv poh\u0159eb odhaluje jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obraz. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee tito lovci-sb\u011bra\u010di uzn\u00e1vali a ctili spojen\u00ed za hranicemi rodi\u010d\u016f, d\u011bt\u00ed a sourozenc\u016f, nazna\u010duje spole\u010dnost, ve kter\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzenstv\u00ed hr\u00e1lo d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v soci\u00e1ln\u00ed soudr\u017enosti. <\/p>\n<p>Objev tak\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky: Bylo toto z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsobem, jak pos\u00edlit vazby mezi vzd\u00e1len\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi? Odr\u00e1\u017eelo to slo\u017eit\u00fd syst\u00e9m d\u011bdictv\u00ed nebo spole\u010densk\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed? Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum m\u016f\u017ee odhalit, zda byl tento vzor jedine\u010dn\u00fd pro kulturu Aivide nebo reprezentoval \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed praktiky doby kamenn\u00e9. <\/p>\n<h3>Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a uchov\u00e1n\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00fdch znalost\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00fdm pl\u00e1nuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it svou studii tak, aby zahrnovala ostatky v\u00edce ne\u017e 70 lid\u00ed ze stejn\u00e9ho m\u00edsta. Tento interdisciplin\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup si klade za c\u00edl odhalit dal\u0161\u00ed podrobnosti o \u017eivotech, poh\u0159ebn\u00edch praktik\u00e1ch a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktu\u0159e t\u011bchto starov\u011bk\u00fdch lovc\u016f a sb\u011bra\u010d\u016f. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee studie p\u0159\u00edbuzenstv\u00ed v archeologick\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch jsou vz\u00e1cn\u00e9, ka\u017ed\u00fd objev poskytuje neoceniteln\u00e9 informace o tom, jak na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 \u017eili a komunikovali. <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201eJe neobvykl\u00e9, aby takov\u00e9 hroby lovc\u016f a sb\u011bra\u010d\u016f byly dob\u0159e zachov\u00e1ny, tak\u017ee studi\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edbuzenstv\u00ed v archeologick\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch lovc\u016f a sb\u011bra\u010d\u016f je m\u00e1lo a jejich rozsah je obecn\u011b omezen\u00fd,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Tiina Mattila, popula\u010dn\u00ed geneti\u010dka. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto starov\u011bk\u00fdch poh\u0159ebi\u0161\u0165 poskytuje jedine\u010dn\u00fd pohled do minulosti a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 n\u00e1m pochopit vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se slo\u017eitost lidsk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed organizace.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nov\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 studie 5500 let star\u00e9ho poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b ve \u0160v\u00e9dsku p\u0159episuje na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 struktury z doby kamenn\u00e9. V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee lid\u00e9 poh\u0159ben\u00ed spolu nebyli v\u017edy nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed rodinn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci \u2013 mnoz\u00ed byli p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed druh\u00e9ho nebo t\u0159et\u00edho stupn\u011b, co\u017e nazna\u010duje v\u011bdom\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch rodinn\u00fdch vazeb. Tento n\u00e1lez zpochyb\u0148uje p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee starov\u011bk\u00e9 poh\u0159by prim\u00e1rn\u011b ctily pouze nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed rodinn\u00e9 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7441,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7442"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7442"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7442\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}