{"id":7448,"date":"2026-02-28T05:04:21","date_gmt":"2026-02-28T03:04:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uakomari-poljuvali-na-ljudej-protjagom-18-miljona-rokiv-ru\/"},"modified":"2026-02-28T05:04:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T03:04:21","slug":"uk-uakomari-poljuvali-na-ljudej-protjagom-18-miljona-rokiv-ru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uakomari-poljuvali-na-ljudej-protjagom-18-miljona-rokiv-ru\/","title":{"rendered":"Kom\u00e1\u0159i se \u017eiv\u00ed lidmi u\u017e 1,8 milionu let"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza odhaluje, \u017ee preference kom\u00e1r\u016f pro lidskou krev se vyvinula mnohem d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo, a to v dob\u011b, kdy se v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii objevil Homo erectus<\/em>.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Dlouh\u00e1 historie konflikt\u016f mezi kom\u00e1ry a lidmi<\/h3>\n

Kom\u00e1\u0159i jsou mo\u017en\u00e1 nejsmrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159etem pro lidi a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 600 000 \u00famrt\u00ed na nemoci, jako je mal\u00e1rie, virus z\u00e1padonilsk\u00e9 hore\u010dky a hore\u010dka dengue. Ne v\u0161echny druhy kom\u00e1r\u016f jsou v\u0161ak stejn\u011b smrteln\u00e9. Hlavn\u00ed hrozba poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze skupiny Anopheles leucosphyrus<\/em>, kter\u00e1 tvo\u0159\u00ed pouze malou \u010d\u00e1st z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3500 zn\u00e1m\u00fdch druh\u016f kom\u00e1r\u016f. <\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Scientific Reports<\/em> zjistila p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd fakt: evolu\u010dn\u00ed posun sm\u011brem k krmen\u00ed lidskou krv\u00ed za\u010dal p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 1,8 miliony let – podstatn\u011b d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo. Tento posun se shodoval s migrac\u00ed ran\u00fdch hominid\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Homo erectus<\/em>, do jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie. <\/p>\n

Jak byla studie provedena<\/h3>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed t\u00fdm biolog\u016f analyzoval DNA 38 kom\u00e1r\u016f z 11 druh\u016f Leucosphyrus<\/em> shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch v letech 1992 a\u017e 2020. Pomoc\u00ed sofistikovan\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho modelov\u00e1n\u00ed rekonstruovali evolu\u010dn\u00ed historii hmyzu sledov\u00e1n\u00edm rychlosti mutac\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu. Anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee preference lidsk\u00e9 krve se v t\u00e9to skupin\u011b vyvinula pouze jednou, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v oblasti souostrov\u00ed Sunda (Borneo, J\u00e1va, poloostrov Malacca a Sumatra). <\/p>\n

P\u0159ed touto mutac\u00ed se kom\u00e1\u0159i \u017eivili krv\u00ed jin\u00fdch prim\u00e1t\u016f v oblasti. Ale s v\u00fdskytem Homo erectus<\/em> v souostrov\u00ed Sunda asi p\u0159ed 1,8 miliony let se kom\u00e1\u0159i za\u010dali p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat a vyvinuli genetick\u00e9 receptory pro detekci lidsk\u00e9ho t\u011blesn\u00e9ho pachu. <\/p>\n

Vyvr\u00e1cen\u00ed existuj\u00edc\u00edch teori\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Tento objev vyvrac\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00ed teorie, kter\u00e9 nazna\u010dovaly, \u017ee krmen\u00ed lidskou krv\u00ed za\u010dalo teprve p\u0159ed 509 000 a\u017e 61 000 lety. Nov\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy posouvaj\u00ed tento \u010dasov\u00fd r\u00e1mec zp\u011bt o v\u00edce ne\u017e milion let, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee kom\u00e1\u0159i m\u011bli spoustu \u010dasu na vyvinut\u00ed sv\u00fdch smrt\u00edc\u00edch sklon\u016f, ne\u017e do regionu dorazili modern\u00ed lid\u00e9 (asi p\u0159ed 76 000 a\u017e 63 000 lety). <\/p>\n

\n

“Studium evoluce kom\u00e1r\u016f m\u016f\u017ee pomoci zaplnit mezery ve v\u00fdvoji a migraci hominin\u016f, zejm\u00e9na v regionech, jako je jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie, kde je k dispozici relativn\u011b m\u00e1lo paleontologick\u00fdch dat.” <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9<\/h3>\n

Pochopen\u00ed evolu\u010dn\u00ed historie kom\u00e1r\u016f poskytuje d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pohled na lidsk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a migra\u010dn\u00ed vzorce. V oblastech s omezen\u00fdmi fosiln\u00edmi d\u016fkazy m\u016f\u017ee genetika kom\u00e1r\u016f slou\u017eit jako proxy pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed pohybu hominid\u016f. Studie ukazuje, \u017ee kom\u00e1\u0159i se nep\u0159izp\u016fsobovali jen lidem \u2013 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se s nimi vyv\u00edjeli. Tento dlouhodob\u00fd vztah u\u010dinil z kom\u00e1r\u016f jednu z nejtrvalej\u0161\u00edch a nejsmrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hrozeb pro lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Tato studie zd\u016fraz\u0148uje d\u016fle\u017eitost studia nemoc\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch kom\u00e1ry nejen z l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho, ale tak\u00e9 z evolu\u010dn\u00edho hlediska. Ukazuje, jak starov\u011bk\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 interakce nad\u00e1le formuj\u00ed sv\u011bt, ve kter\u00e9m dnes \u017eijeme.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e1 genetick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza odhaluje, \u017ee preference kom\u00e1r\u016f pro lidskou krev se vyvinula mnohem d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo, a to v dob\u011b, kdy se v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii objevil Homo erectus. Dlouh\u00e1 historie konflikt\u016f mezi kom\u00e1ry a lidmi Kom\u00e1\u0159i jsou mo\u017en\u00e1 nejsmrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159etem pro lidi a zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 600 000 \u00famrt\u00ed na nemoci, jako […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7447,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7448"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7448"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7448\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7447"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}