{"id":7450,"date":"2026-02-28T11:05:05","date_gmt":"2026-02-28T09:05:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uafizika-idealnogo-skripu-jak-krosivki-dlja-basketbolu-stvorjujut\/"},"modified":"2026-02-28T11:05:05","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T09:05:05","slug":"uk-uafizika-idealnogo-skripu-jak-krosivki-dlja-basketbolu-stvorjujut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uafizika-idealnogo-skripu-jak-krosivki-dlja-basketbolu-stvorjujut\/","title":{"rendered":"Fyzika dokonal\u00e9ho p\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed: Jak basketbalov\u00e9 boty vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed sv\u016fj jedine\u010dn\u00fd zvuk"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nejkonstantn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zvukem v basketbalu nen\u00ed plesk\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00ed\u010dem o obru\u010d nebo \u0159ev davu, ale vysok\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00edp\u00e1n\u00ed tenisek na d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 podlaze. Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed se tento hluk pova\u017eoval za jednoduch\u00e9 t\u0159en\u00ed, ale nov\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise <em>Nature<\/em> odhaluje mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed fyziku. Nejedn\u00e1 se pouze o \u201estick-slip\u201c, ale o precizn\u011b navr\u017een\u00fd akustick\u00fd jev. <\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1hada vy\u0159e\u0161ena: V\u0161e v Sole Crests<\/h3>\n<p>V\u011bdci d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee vrz\u00e1n\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm d\u016fsledkem jevu \u201esklouznut\u00ed\u201c, kdy\u017e trhav\u011b pohybujete t\u011b\u017ekou knihou po stole. D\u00edky vysokorychlostn\u00edm kamer\u00e1m a akustick\u00e9 anal\u00fdze se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee podr\u00e1\u017eky basketbalov\u00fdch bot <em>vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed<\/em> sk\u0159\u00edpav\u00fd zvuk. H\u0159bety na podr\u00e1\u017ece nejsou jen pro trakci, funguj\u00ed jako mal\u00e9 vlnovody, kter\u00e9 generuj\u00ed rytmick\u00e9 vibrace, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed tento zvuk. <\/p>\n<p>H\u0159ebeny se nezvednou a nelep\u00ed se \u00fapln\u011b najednou. M\u00edsto toho se jedna po druh\u00e9 odlom\u00ed mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st, kter\u00e1 sklouzne po h\u0159ebeni, ne\u017e uvoln\u00ed nepatrn\u00fd v\u00fdron vzduchu. Tyto vlny odd\u011blen\u00ed se pohybuj\u00ed pod\u00e9l chodidla tis\u00edckr\u00e1t za sekundu a frekvence t\u011bchto ot\u0159es\u016f <em>je<\/em> sk\u0159\u00edp\u00e1n\u00ed. \u010c\u00edm rychlej\u0161\u00ed jsou ot\u0159esy, t\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je t\u00f3n. Tvar h\u0159eben\u016f ur\u010duje rychlost, kterou se tyto vlny \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed a ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed zvuk. <\/p>\n<h3>Od basketbalov\u00fdch h\u0159i\u0161\u0165 po zem\u011bt\u0159esn\u00e9 laborato\u0159e<\/h3>\n<p>T\u00fdm to dokonce demonstroval t\u00edm, \u017ee znovu vytvo\u0159il syntetick\u00e9 podr\u00e1\u017eky se specifikovan\u00fdmi t\u00f3ny, a v hrav\u00e9m odkazu na slo\u017eitost sv\u00fdch zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed se jim poda\u0159ilo zahr\u00e1t hlavn\u00ed t\u00e9ma z <em>Star Wars<\/em> pouze pomoc\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed. To se net\u00fdk\u00e1 jen basketbalu. V\u00fdzkum spad\u00e1 do \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed oblasti \u201edvoumateri\u00e1lov\u00e9ho t\u0159en\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00e1 se vztahuje na dal\u0161\u00ed oblasti, jako je fyzika zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed. Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm se vlny \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed p\u0159es h\u0159ebeny tenisek, je podobn\u00fd zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm se tektonick\u00e9 desky posouvaj\u00ed b\u011bhem zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed syst\u00e9mu ke studiu seismick\u00fdch jev\u016f v kontrolovan\u00e9m laboratorn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>\u201eToto je pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed a technicky komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed anal\u00fdza probl\u00e9mu, do kter\u00e9ho jsem se vrhl p\u0159ed 20 lety,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 expert na ty\u010dinky Martyn Shorten. &#8220;Moc se mi to l\u00edb\u00ed!&#8221; <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Vrz\u00e1n\u00ed basketbalov\u00e9 boty je v\u00edc ne\u017e jen zvuk, je to uk\u00e1zka toho, jak mohou zd\u00e1nliv\u011b jednoduch\u00e9 jevy skr\u00fdvat \u00fa\u017easnou fyziku. A\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b usly\u0161\u00edte to vysok\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00edp\u00e1n\u00ed, pamatujte, \u017ee je to v\u00fdsledek p\u0159esn\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a hlubok\u00e9ho pochopen\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nejkonstantn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zvukem v basketbalu nen\u00ed plesk\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00ed\u010dem o obru\u010d nebo \u0159ev davu, ale vysok\u00e9 sk\u0159\u00edp\u00e1n\u00ed tenisek na d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 podlaze. Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed se tento hluk pova\u017eoval za jednoduch\u00e9 t\u0159en\u00ed, ale nov\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Nature odhaluje mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed fyziku. Nejedn\u00e1 se pouze o \u201estick-slip\u201c, ale o precizn\u011b navr\u017een\u00fd akustick\u00fd jev. Z\u00e1hada vy\u0159e\u0161ena: V\u0161e v [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7449,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7450"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7450"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7450\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7449"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}