{"id":7470,"date":"2026-03-05T14:28:42","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T12:28:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uanatrij-ionni-akumuljatori-proriv-u-holodnij-pogodi-dlja\/"},"modified":"2026-03-05T14:28:42","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T12:28:42","slug":"uk-uanatrij-ionni-akumuljatori-proriv-u-holodnij-pogodi-dlja","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uanatrij-ionni-akumuljatori-proriv-u-holodnij-pogodi-dlja\/","title":{"rendered":"Sodno-iontov\u00e9 baterie: Pr\u016flom v chladn\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed pro elektromobily?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e1 technologie bateri\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed oby\u010dejnou kuchy\u0148skou s\u016fl by mohla v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161it v\u00fdkon elektrick\u00fdch vozidel (EV) v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch mrazech, tvrd\u00ed spole\u010dnost Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL) z \u010c\u00edny, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce bateri\u00ed pro EV.
\nSpole\u010dnost ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Changan Automobile pl\u00e1nuje do poloviny roku 2026 uv\u00e9st na trh vozy poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 sod\u00edkov\u00fdmi iontov\u00fdmi bateriemi. Tento krok by mohl signalizovat potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bnu v technologii EV, zejm\u00e9na v regionech, kde chladn\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje dojezd a rychlost nab\u00edjen\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m chladn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed a bateri\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch vozidel<\/h3>\n

Lithium-iontov\u00e9 baterie, standard pro v\u011bt\u0161inu modern\u00edch elektrick\u00fdch vozidel, bojuj\u00ed v n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch.<\/strong> Chemick\u00e9 procesy uvnit\u0159 baterie se zpomaluj\u00ed, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdkonu a pomalej\u0161\u00ed dobu nab\u00edjen\u00ed. \u0158idi\u010di v chladn\u00e9m podneb\u00ed si \u010dasto v\u0161imnou znateln\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dojezdu v mraziv\u00fdch r\u00e1nech, co\u017e je hlavn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka pro \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ijet\u00ed elektrick\u00fdch vozidel. <\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee chlad zahu\u0161\u0165uje elektrolyt, kapalinu, kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje nabit\u00fdm \u010d\u00e1stic\u00edm pohybovat se mezi elektrodami. To zt\u011b\u017euje pr\u016fchod iont\u016f, co\u017e sni\u017euje \u00fa\u010dinnost baterie. <\/p>\n

Jak sodno-iontov\u00e9 baterie nab\u00edzej\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Sodno-iontov\u00e9 baterie nahrazuj\u00ed lithium sod\u00edkem, prvkem, kter\u00fd je mnohem hojn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dostupn\u00fd ve form\u011b soli.
\nI kdy\u017e jsou ionty sod\u00edku v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ionty lithia, tvo\u0159\u00ed slab\u0161\u00ed vazby s elektrolytem. To jim umo\u017e\u0148uje snadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pohyb, a to i v chladn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, kdy ionty lithia zpomaluj\u00ed. <\/p>\n

CATL tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jej\u00ed nov\u00e1 baterie Naxtra m\u016f\u017ee fungovat stabiln\u011b p\u0159i teplot\u00e1ch -50 \u00b0C (-58 \u00b0F). P\u0159i teplot\u011b -30 \u00b0C (-22 \u00b0F) poskytuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 trojn\u00e1sobek vyb\u00edjec\u00edho v\u00fdkonu standardn\u00edch lithium-\u017eelezofosf\u00e1tov\u00fdch (LFP) bateri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dominuj\u00ed na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m trhu. Baterie se m\u016f\u017ee nab\u00edjet a\u017e na 90 % p\u0159i \u201340 \u00b0C (-40 \u00b0F) a udr\u017eovat \u201estabiln\u00ed v\u00fdkon\u201c p\u0159i \u201350 \u00b0C. <\/p>\n

Testov\u00e1n\u00ed a skute\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my<\/h3>\n

I kdy\u017e jsou tato \u010d\u00edsla slibn\u00e1, pr\u016fmyslov\u00ed analytici upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed ide\u00e1ln\u00ed testovac\u00ed podm\u00ednky. Skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdkon se bude li\u0161it v z\u00e1vislosti na faktorech, jako jsou j\u00edzdn\u00ed n\u00e1vyky a zm\u011bny prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n

CATL investovala zna\u010dn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky do v\u00fdvoje sod\u00edkov\u00fdch iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed a za posledn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed utratila t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1,4 miliardy dolar\u016f. Prvn\u00ed modely s omezen\u00fdm dojezdem 170 km se prod\u00e1valy \u0161patn\u011b, ale nov\u00e1 generace m\u00e1 za c\u00edl 400 km v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m testovac\u00edm cyklu lehk\u00fdch vozidel (CLTC). To je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ekvivalentn\u00ed 90 % energetick\u00e9 hustoty modern\u00edch LFP bateri\u00ed. <\/p>\n

N\u00e1kladov\u00fd faktor<\/h3>\n

V\u00fdroba sodno-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v \u010c\u00edn\u011b asi o 30 % dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdroba lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed. Hromadn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba by se m\u011bla ke konci tohoto desetilet\u00ed zrychlit, proto\u017ee dodavatelsk\u00fd \u0159et\u011bzec dozr\u00e1v\u00e1. Pokud technologie spln\u00ed sv\u016fj slib odolnosti v\u016f\u010di chladu bez v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 cenov\u00e9 pr\u00e9mie, mohla by se prosadit v chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch oblastech. <\/p>\n

\n

\u201ePokud auto funguje dob\u0159e p\u0159i n\u00edzk\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch a nestoj\u00ed v\u00edc, technologie sod\u00edkov\u00fdch iont\u016f by mohla naj\u00edt m\u00edsto v chladn\u00fdch oblastech,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Fateh Zhang, zakladatel CnEVPost. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\u00dasp\u011bch sod\u00edkov\u00fdch iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed bude nakonec z\u00e1viset na jejich schopnosti vyv\u00e1\u017eit v\u00fdkon, n\u00e1klady a \u017eivotnost v re\u00e1ln\u00fdch j\u00edzdn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00e1 technologie bateri\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed oby\u010dejnou kuchy\u0148skou s\u016fl by mohla v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161it v\u00fdkon elektrick\u00fdch vozidel (EV) v extr\u00e9mn\u00edch mrazech, tvrd\u00ed spole\u010dnost Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL) z \u010c\u00edny, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobce bateri\u00ed pro EV. Spole\u010dnost ve spolupr\u00e1ci s Changan Automobile pl\u00e1nuje do poloviny roku 2026 uv\u00e9st na trh vozy poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 sod\u00edkov\u00fdmi iontov\u00fdmi bateriemi. Tento krok […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7469,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7470"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7470"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7470\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}