Lid\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b \u0161patn\u00ed v odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u017e\u00ed. Navzdory na\u0161emu intuitivn\u00edmu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee lh\u00e1\u0159i jsou nerv\u00f3zn\u00ed, vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed se o\u010dn\u00edmu kontaktu nebo klop\u00fdtaj\u00ed v \u0159e\u010di, v\u00fdzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 v pr\u016fm\u011bru odhal\u00ed l\u017ei pouze v 50 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. To nen\u00ed zp\u016fsobeno nedostatkem \u00fasil\u00ed; je to zako\u0159en\u011bno v tom, jak n\u00e1\u0161 mozek zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 informace a jak zku\u0161en\u00ed lh\u00e1\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed t\u011bchto slabin. <\/p>\n
Popul\u00e1rn\u00ed reality show Zr\u00e1dci, kde sout\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00ed mus\u00ed mezi sebou identifikovat skryt\u00e9 podvodn\u00edky, nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad ze skute\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Jej\u00ed j\u00e1dro \u2013 skupina rozd\u011blen\u00e1 na \u201eloajalisty\u201c a \u201ezr\u00e1dce\u201c \u2013 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje obt\u00ed\u017enost odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u017e\u00ed i p\u0159es vysok\u00e9 s\u00e1zky a bedliv\u00e9 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed. To p\u0159im\u011blo novin\u00e1\u0159ku Jackie Flynn Mogensen prozkoumat, co \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u011bda o odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u017e\u00ed… a jak se st\u00e1t \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm lh\u00e1\u0159em. <\/p>\n
Jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d m\u00e1me pot\u00ed\u017ee s rozpozn\u00e1n\u00edm l\u017e\u00ed, je to, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 spol\u00e9h\u00e1me na p\u0159edsudky. Lh\u00e1\u0159i to \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, proto\u017ee v\u011bd\u00ed, jak\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly lid\u00e9 o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed<\/em>. M\u00fdtus, \u017ee se lh\u00e1\u0159i vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed o\u010dn\u00edmu kontaktu, nap\u0159\u00edklad vede zku\u0161en\u00e9 podvodn\u00edky k z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9mu udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed siln\u00e9ho pohledu, aby vypadali pravdiv\u011b. Jak vysv\u011btluj\u00ed Mogensenovy zdroje, o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee zaslepit v\u016f\u010di jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm znamen\u00edm. <\/p>\n To ukazuje na obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m: \u010casto jsme lep\u0161\u00ed v odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u017e\u00ed, kdy\u017e zcela ignorujeme fyzick\u00e9 podn\u011bty a soust\u0159ed\u00edme se pouze na nekonzistence v tom, co<\/em> se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Jedna studie zjistila, \u017ee naslouch\u00e1n\u00ed hlasu \u010dlov\u011bka (sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0159e\u010di jeho t\u011bla) p\u0159ineslo spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee verb\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00faryvky, rozpory nebo neobvykl\u00e9 fr\u00e1zov\u00e1n\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o vn\u00edman\u00fdch \u201ezn\u00e1mk\u00e1ch\u201c nervozity. <\/p>\n Pokud je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 rozpoznat le\u017e, pak tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed snadn\u00e9 ji zvl\u00e1dnout, ale je to mo\u017en\u00e9. V\u00fdzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lh\u00e1\u0159i nejen potla\u010duj\u00ed n\u00e1znaky, ale aktivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed na\u0161e mechanismy d\u016fv\u011bry. Z\u00e1kladem je p\u016fsobit otev\u0159en\u011b, p\u0159\u00e1telsky a p\u0159\u00edstupn\u011b. Jak poznamenali Mogensenovi partne\u0159i, lid\u00e9 si \u010dasto pletou spolehlivost se sympati\u00ed, co\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 podvodn\u00edk\u016fm v\u00fdhodu. <\/p>\n Roli hraje i kognitivn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed. Lhan\u00ed vy\u017eaduje du\u0161evn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed, a to se m\u016f\u017ee projevit jemn\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami v chov\u00e1n\u00ed: men\u0161\u00edmi gesty, pomalej\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u010d\u00ed nebo n\u00e1hl\u00fdm ukon\u010den\u00edm \u00fasm\u011bvu. Jednou z kognitivn\u00edch v\u00fdslechov\u00fdch technik je po\u017e\u00e1dat lh\u00e1\u0159e, aby p\u0159evypr\u00e1v\u011bl ud\u00e1losti v opa\u010dn\u00e9m po\u0159ad\u00ed, co\u017e zt\u011b\u017euje udr\u017een\u00ed konzistentn\u00ed l\u017ei. <\/p>\n Krom\u011b technologie mohou klam\u00e1n\u00ed ovlivnit vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed faktory. Po\u0159ad Zr\u00e1dci ukazuje, jak m\u016f\u017ee fyzick\u00e1 p\u0159ita\u017elivost ovlivnit vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed. V\u00fdzkum ukazuje, \u017ee atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ob\u017ealovan\u00ed v soudn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohou dostat m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tresty, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee povrchn\u00ed rozsudky ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru. <\/p>\n Nakonec nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lh\u00e1\u0159i pova\u017euj\u00ed podvod za p\u0159edstaven\u00ed a citov\u011b se od n\u011bj odpoutaj\u00ed. Jak uk\u00e1zal Rob Rausch, v\u00edt\u011bz minul\u00e9 sez\u00f3ny Zr\u00e1dc\u016f, zachov\u00e1n\u00ed konzistentn\u00ed osobnosti a potla\u010den\u00ed pocit\u016f viny jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed. Po\u0159ad zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee efektivn\u00ed lhan\u00ed nen\u00ed jen o vyh\u00fdb\u00e1n\u00ed se odhalen\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 o manipulaci s d\u016fv\u011brou a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch p\u0159edsudk\u016f. <\/p>\n Na z\u00e1v\u011br,<\/strong> na\u0161e vrozen\u00e9 slabosti p\u0159i odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u017e\u00ed v kombinaci se strategick\u00fdmi v\u00fdhodami zku\u0161en\u00fdch podvodn\u00edk\u016f \u010din\u00ed z klam\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b \u00fa\u010dinnou taktiku. A\u0165 u\u017e se to stane na hern\u00ed show nebo p\u0159i ka\u017edodenn\u00edch interakc\u00edch, pochopen\u00ed v\u011bdy o podvodu je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed jak pro odhalen\u00ed l\u017e\u00ed, tak pro vyhnut\u00ed se podvodu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Lid\u00e9 jsou p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b \u0161patn\u00ed v odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u017e\u00ed. Navzdory na\u0161emu intuitivn\u00edmu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee lh\u00e1\u0159i jsou nerv\u00f3zn\u00ed, vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed se o\u010dn\u00edmu kontaktu nebo klop\u00fdtaj\u00ed v \u0159e\u010di, v\u00fdzkumy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 v pr\u016fm\u011bru odhal\u00ed l\u017ei pouze v 50 % p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. To nen\u00ed zp\u016fsobeno nedostatkem \u00fasil\u00ed; je to zako\u0159en\u011bno v tom, jak n\u00e1\u0161 mozek zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 informace a jak zku\u0161en\u00ed lh\u00e1\u0159i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7491,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7492"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7492"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7492\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}V\u011bda o efektivn\u00edm podvodu<\/h2>\n
Role vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed a privilegia<\/h2>\n