Ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed je vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 observato\u0159 NASA Neil Gerhels Swift \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro astronomy, kter\u00fd detekuje a analyzuje nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed exploze ve vesm\u00edru: gama z\u00e1blesky. Kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f je v\u0161ak nyn\u00ed v kritick\u00e9m z\u00e1vod\u011b s \u010dasem. Sr\u00e1\u017eky s atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi ji neust\u00e1le t\u00e1hnou k Zemi a hroz\u00ed \u017ehnouc\u00ed konec do konce tohoto roku. <\/p>\n
Nam\u00edsto toho, aby nechala Swifta spadnout, NASA schv\u00e1lila odv\u00e1\u017enou z\u00e1chrannou misi: robotick\u00e1 kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f se pokus\u00ed jemn\u011b zachytit Swifta, zvednout ho na bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu a pot\u00e9 ho propustit. Toto \u00fasil\u00ed nen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pouze pro z\u00e1chranu jednoho dalekohledu; je to testovac\u00ed lo\u017ee pro prodlou\u017een\u00ed \u017eivotnosti budouc\u00edch vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch mis\u00ed. Technologie, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1kladem t\u00e9to mise, se rychle zlep\u0161uj\u00ed, tak\u017ee takov\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy jsou st\u00e1le v\u00edce provediteln\u00e9. <\/p>\n
V\u0161echny kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b na n\u00edzk\u00e9 ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze Zem\u011b (zejm\u00e9na pod 600 kilometr\u016f) jsou vystaveny atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9mu odporu. Slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivita tento odpor zvy\u0161uje, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee Swift nyn\u00ed ztr\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ku rychleji, ne\u017e se p\u016fvodn\u011b p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo. Observato\u0159 byla spu\u0161t\u011bna ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 600 km a navzdory po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00edm p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed do 30. let 20. stolet\u00ed si zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 slune\u010dn\u00ed aktivita vynutila p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed. Bez z\u00e1sahu Swift vstoup\u00ed do zemsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry a sho\u0159\u00ed do konce tohoto roku. <\/p>\n
Nal\u00e9havost situace p\u0159im\u011bla NASA jednat. Zat\u00edmco ne\u00fasp\u011bch znamen\u00e1 ztr\u00e1tu dalekohledu tak jako tak, \u00fasp\u011bch by mohl odemknout roky dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch dat. <\/p>\n
NASA ud\u011blila kontrakt na 30 milion\u016f dolar\u016f spole\u010dnosti Katalyst Space Technologies na z\u00e1chrannou misi, jej\u00ed\u017e start je napl\u00e1nov\u00e1n na za\u010d\u00e1tek \u010dervna. Tato \u010dasov\u00e1 osa je na tak slo\u017eit\u00fd podnik v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b rychl\u00e1: \u00fadr\u017eba robot\u016f ve vesm\u00edru je notoricky slo\u017eit\u00e1 a nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nebyla pro v\u011bdeckou misi zkou\u0161ena. <\/p>\n
P\u0159edchoz\u00ed mise \u00fadr\u017eby, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad opravy Hubbleova vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho dalekohledu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 astronauty, se spol\u00e9haly na lidskou p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost. Tento robotick\u00fd pokus bude mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pokrok v oboru v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee toho lze nyn\u00ed dos\u00e1hnout. Northrop Grumman ji\u017e prok\u00e1zal \u017eivotaschopnost robotick\u00e9ho prodlou\u017een\u00ed \u017eivota komer\u010dn\u00edch satelit\u016f se sv\u00fdmi vozidly Mission Extension Vehicles. <\/p>\n
Katalyst stav\u00ed t\u0159\u00edr\u00e1movou robotickou kosmickou lo\u010f ur\u010denou k zachycen\u00ed Swifta. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m? Swift byl postaven bez robotick\u00e9 \u00fadr\u017eby. “Kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f byla postavena p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 lety, tak\u017ee neexistuje ani dobr\u00e1 dokumentace toho, jak n\u011bkter\u00e1 z t\u011bchto rozhran\u00ed vypadaj\u00ed,” vysv\u011btluje Kieran Wilson, hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk spole\u010dnosti Katalyst. <\/p>\n
Kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f bude vypu\u0161t\u011bna pomoc\u00ed rakety Pegasus svr\u017een\u00e9 z upraven\u00e9ho proudov\u00e9ho letadla, aby dos\u00e1hla Swiftovy rovn\u00edkov\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f robot opatrn\u011b zvedne Swift do v\u00fd\u0161ky 550 km a pot\u00e9 se odpoj\u00ed, aby sho\u0159el v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e \u2013 co\u017e je vhodn\u00e1 ob\u011b\u0165 pro misi. <\/p>\n
Mise s sebou nese zna\u010dn\u00e1 rizika. Jak p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel Katalyst Gonghee Lee: \u201eTo, co m\u011b v noci dr\u017e\u00ed vzh\u016fru, je to, co nem\u016f\u017eeme ovlivnit.\u201c Ale pokud bude \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1, tato z\u00e1chrana by mohla p\u0159edefinovat zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edme o \u017eivotn\u00edch cyklech kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Schopnost Swift rychle reagovat na astronomick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti je neoceniteln\u00e1, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e vznikaj\u00ed nov\u00e9 observato\u0159e. Robotick\u00fd servis by mohl nab\u00eddnout mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativu k budov\u00e1n\u00ed zcela nov\u00fdch mis\u00ed, d\u00edky \u010demu\u017e bude vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 v\u011bda udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 astrofyzik NASA Brad Cenko: “Je to skoro jako nov\u00e1 mise… ale dostanete ji za zlomek n\u00e1klad\u016f na stavbu n\u011b\u010deho od nuly.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed je vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 observato\u0159 NASA Neil Gerhels Swift \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro astronomy, kter\u00fd detekuje a analyzuje nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed exploze ve vesm\u00edru: gama z\u00e1blesky. Kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f je v\u0161ak nyn\u00ed v kritick\u00e9m z\u00e1vod\u011b s \u010dasem. Sr\u00e1\u017eky s atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1sticemi ji neust\u00e1le t\u00e1hnou k Zemi a hroz\u00ed \u017ehnouc\u00ed konec do konce tohoto roku. Nam\u00edsto […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7567,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7568"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7568"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7568\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7567"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}