{"id":7599,"date":"2026-04-04T14:08:18","date_gmt":"2026-04-04T11:08:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uaastronomi-vidkrili-nadzvichajno-chistu-ekzoplanetu-rozmirom-z\/"},"modified":"2026-04-04T14:08:18","modified_gmt":"2026-04-04T11:08:18","slug":"uk-uaastronomi-vidkrili-nadzvichajno-chistu-ekzoplanetu-rozmirom-z","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uaastronomi-vidkrili-nadzvichajno-chistu-ekzoplanetu-rozmirom-z\/","title":{"rendered":"Astronomov\u00e9 objevili neobvykle \u201e\u010distou\u201c exoplanetu velikosti Jupitera"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nov\u011b objeven\u00e1 exoplaneta, ozna\u010den\u00e1 TOI-5205 b, zpochyb\u0148uje sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed toho, jak vznikaj\u00ed plynn\u00ed ob\u0159i. Tato planeta velikosti Jupitera, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 282 sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let od Zem\u011b, m\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e ne\u010dekan\u011b n\u00edzkou koncentraci t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch prvk\u016f \u2013 vlastnost, kter\u00e1 j\u00ed vyslou\u017eila p\u0159ezd\u00edvku \u201ezak\u00e1zan\u00e1 planeta\u201c. Objev podrobn\u011b popsan\u00fd v The Astronomical Journal<\/em> nazna\u010duje, \u017ee existuj\u00edc\u00ed modely planet\u00e1rn\u00ed evoluce mohou b\u00fdt ne\u00fapln\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed<\/h3>\n

TOI-5205 b byl poprv\u00e9 identifikov\u00e1n v roce 2023 pomoc\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho dalekohledu NASA TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite). N\u00e1sledn\u00e1 spektroskopick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza odhalila v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e slou\u010deniny jako metan a sirovod\u00edk. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm objevem v\u0161ak byla vnit\u0159n\u00ed struktura planety: v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee je 100kr\u00e1t bohat\u0161\u00ed na kovy ne\u017e jej\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra. Tento rozpor je velmi neobvykl\u00fd; planety maj\u00ed tendenci hromadit t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed prvky v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu a jejich atmosf\u00e9ry obvykle odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed toto rozlo\u017een\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\n

“Na\u0161li jsme mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed metalicitu, ne\u017e p\u0159edpov\u00eddaly na\u0161e modely pro celkovou hmotnost planety,” vysv\u011btluje Shubham Kanodia, astronom z Carnegie Institution. “To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jeho t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed prvky migrovaly dovnit\u0159 b\u011bhem procesu formov\u00e1n\u00ed a nyn\u00ed se jeho vnit\u0159n\u00ed vrstvy a atmosf\u00e9ra nem\u00eds\u00ed.” <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

N\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 teorie vzniku planet<\/h3>\n

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 teorie tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee planety vznikaj\u00ed z v\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed prachu a plynu kolem mlad\u00fdch hv\u011bzd. Relativn\u00ed metalicita planety (mno\u017estv\u00ed prvk\u016f t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e vod\u00edk a helium) je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm ukazatelem toho, kde a jak vznikla. Planety, kter\u00e9 se tvo\u0159\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017ee sv\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u011b, b\u00fdvaj\u00ed bohat\u0161\u00ed na kovy kv\u016fli vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hustot\u011b materi\u00e1l\u016f v t\u00e9to oblasti. <\/p>\n

TOI-5205 b ob\u00edh\u00e1 kolem \u010derven\u00e9ho trpasl\u00edka, hv\u011bzdy men\u0161\u00ed a chladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na\u0161e Slunce. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee tato planeta je chud\u00e1 na kovy p\u0159es<\/em> svou bl\u00edzkost ke sv\u00e9 hv\u011bzd\u011b, je z\u00e1hadn\u00e1. Hostitelsk\u00e1 hv\u011bzda planety je asi \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Jupiter, ale pouze 40 % hmotnosti na\u0161eho Slunce, co\u017e obraz d\u00e1le komplikuje. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee vznik planety mohl b\u00fdt ovlivn\u011bn migrac\u00ed v r\u00e1mci ran\u00e9ho protoplanet\u00e1rn\u00edho disku nebo n\u011bjak\u00fdm jin\u00fdm dosud nezn\u00e1m\u00fdm procesem. <\/p>\n

D\u016fsledky pro v\u00fdzkum exoplanet<\/h3>\n

Objev TOI-5205 b zd\u016fraz\u0148uje rozmanitost planet\u00e1rn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f mimo na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed a omezen\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch model\u016f. Charakteristick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed planety m\u016f\u017ee nazna\u010dovat, \u017ee ran\u00e1 st\u00e1dia vzniku planety jsou mnohem chaoti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a variabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo. <\/p>\n

“Tyto objevy maj\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed formov\u00e1n\u00ed plynn\u00fdch obr\u016f, k nim\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed v ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi \u017eivota hv\u011bzdy,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Anjali Piett, astronomka z University of Birmingham. “Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee planeta m\u00e1 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed metalicitu ne\u017e jej\u00ed hostitelsk\u00e1 hv\u011bzda, ji \u010din\u00ed vy\u010dn\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed mezi v\u0161emi ob\u0159\u00edmi planetami, kter\u00e9 byly dosud studov\u00e1ny.” <\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a rafinovan\u00e9 modelov\u00e1n\u00ed budou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro \u00fapln\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed p\u016fvodu t\u00e9to “zak\u00e1zan\u00e9” planety a toho, co odhaluje o \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u011b objeven\u00e1 exoplaneta, ozna\u010den\u00e1 TOI-5205 b, zpochyb\u0148uje sou\u010dasn\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed toho, jak vznikaj\u00ed plynn\u00ed ob\u0159i. Tato planeta velikosti Jupitera, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 282 sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let od Zem\u011b, m\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e ne\u010dekan\u011b n\u00edzkou koncentraci t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch prvk\u016f \u2013 vlastnost, kter\u00e1 j\u00ed vyslou\u017eila p\u0159ezd\u00edvku \u201ezak\u00e1zan\u00e1 planeta\u201c. Objev podrobn\u011b popsan\u00fd v The Astronomical Journal nazna\u010duje, \u017ee existuj\u00edc\u00ed modely planet\u00e1rn\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7598,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7599"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7599"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7599\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7598"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7599"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7599"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7599"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}