Po desetilet\u00ed byly symbolem modern\u00ed metropole monolity oceli a skla. Jak m\u011bsta stoupala vzh\u016fru, architekti se obr\u00e1tili na ocel pro jej\u00ed pevnost a schopnost oh\u00fdbat se pod tlakem siln\u00fdch v\u011btr\u016f a seismick\u00e9 aktivity. Ve stavebnictv\u00ed v\u0161ak prob\u00edh\u00e1 tich\u00e1 revoluce: architekti se obracej\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, aby \u0161li kup\u0159edu udr\u017eiteln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. <\/p>\n
Vzestup masov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva<\/strong> \u2013 zpracovan\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f, jako je k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u011b vrstven\u00e9 d\u0159evo (CLT) a vrstven\u00e9 d\u0159evo \u2013 m\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edme o v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdch stavb\u00e1ch. To otev\u00edr\u00e1 cestu k budov\u00e1n\u00ed masivn\u00edch struktur, kter\u00e9 jsou udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 a p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k negativn\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 stop\u011b. <\/p>\n Logika pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159eva m\u00e1 ko\u0159eny v evolu\u010dn\u00ed biologii. V lese stromy nejsou strnul\u00e9; oh\u00fdbaj\u00ed se pod poryvy v\u011btru, aby se nezlomily. Modern\u00ed masivn\u00ed d\u0159evo tuto vlastnost napodobuje. Lepen\u00edm a vrstven\u00edm mal\u00fdch kousk\u016f d\u0159eva in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nosn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 jsou neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b pevn\u00e9, lehk\u00e9 a pohlcuj\u00ed energii. <\/p>\n Tato technologie ji\u017e posouv\u00e1 hranice v\u00fd\u0161ky: Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hnac\u00ed silou tohoto posunu je klimatick\u00e1 krize. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly jako ocel a beton vy\u017eaduj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed energie; jejich v\u00fdroba uvol\u0148uje do atmosf\u00e9ry obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed CO2. <\/p>\n Naproti tomu masivn\u00ed d\u0159evo funguje jako \u201ekarbonov\u00fd d\u0159ez\u201c<\/strong>. Jak stromy rostou, absorbuj\u00ed CO2 z atmosf\u00e9ry. Kdy\u017e jsou tyto stromy p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bny na stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, uhl\u00edk je \u201euzam\u010den\u201c uvnit\u0159 struktury po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed. <\/p>\n Nav\u00edc pou\u017eit\u00ed masivn\u00edho d\u0159eva m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159isp\u011bt ke zdrav\u011bj\u0161\u00edm les\u016fm. Pou\u017eit\u00edm mal\u00fdch a\u017e st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fdch strom\u016f na stavbu m\u016f\u017ee lesnictv\u00ed pro\u0159\u00eddnout p\u0159elidn\u011bn\u00e9 lesy. Tato praxe sni\u017euje mno\u017estv\u00ed ho\u0159lav\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd vede ke katastrofick\u00fdm lesn\u00edm po\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm (rostouc\u00ed hrozba tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu oteplov\u00e1n\u00ed) a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 obnovit p\u0159irozenou biologickou rozmanitost. <\/p>\n Skepse ohledn\u011b d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch mrakodrap\u016f obvykle pramen\u00ed ze dvou hlavn\u00edch obav: po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost<\/strong> a konstruk\u010dn\u00ed stabilita<\/strong> b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof. <\/p>\n Na rozd\u00edl od intuice nen\u00ed masivn\u00ed d\u0159evo sud na pr\u00e1\u0161ek. Kdy\u017e je siln\u00e9 vrstven\u00e9 d\u0159evo vystaveno ohni, vytvo\u0159\u00ed na sv\u00e9m povrchu vrstvu zuhelnat\u011bl\u00e9ho<\/strong>. Stejn\u011b jako si poleno v ohni zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00e9 pevn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro po noci ho\u0159en\u00ed, tato vrstva d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed funguje jako izola\u010dn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edt, kter\u00fd chr\u00e1n\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed integritu paprsku p\u0159ed teplem. <\/p>\n Aby se in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i vyrovnali s bo\u010dn\u00edm zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm b\u011bhem zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, integruj\u00ed do d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch r\u00e1m\u016f pokro\u010dil\u00e9 technologie: Tento p\u0159echod m\u00e1 krom\u011b technick\u00fdch a ekologick\u00fdch v\u00fdhod i psychologick\u00fd aspekt. Zat\u00edmco ocel a beton p\u016fsob\u00ed steriln\u011b a pr\u016fmyslov\u011b, d\u0159evo poskytuje hmatov\u00fd, p\u0159irozen\u00fd<\/strong> pocit. Architekti poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed vrozenou touhu b\u00fdt bl\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a \u017eivot nebo pr\u00e1ce v prostor\u00e1ch s odhalen\u00fdmi d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi prvky m\u016f\u017ee vytvo\u0159it \u00fatuln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a biofiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n Zat\u00edmco hromadn\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 stavby st\u00e1le vy\u017eaduj\u00ed ocelov\u00e9 konzoly a betonov\u00e9 z\u00e1klady, c\u00edlem je v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 \u010dist\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 stopy cel\u00e9ho odv\u011btv\u00ed. <\/p>\n “Nebudujete pouze udr\u017eitelnou strukturu, ale tak\u00e9 \u017eivotaschopnou strukturu.” <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong> Po desetilet\u00ed byly symbolem modern\u00ed metropole monolity oceli a skla. Jak m\u011bsta stoupala vzh\u016fru, architekti se obr\u00e1tili na ocel pro jej\u00ed pevnost a schopnost oh\u00fdbat se pod tlakem siln\u00fdch v\u011btr\u016f a seismick\u00e9 aktivity. Ve stavebnictv\u00ed v\u0161ak prob\u00edh\u00e1 tich\u00e1 revoluce: architekti se obracej\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b, aby \u0161li kup\u0159edu udr\u017eiteln\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Vzestup masov\u00e9ho d\u0159eva \u2013 zpracovan\u00fdch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7648"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7648"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7648\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Od lesn\u00edch hou\u0161tin po v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 budovy<\/h3>\n
\n– Budova Ascent MKE<\/strong> v Milwaukee ve Wisconsinu je nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bnou budovou na sv\u011bt\u011b (86 metr\u016f).
\n– The Hive<\/strong> ve Vancouveru v Kanad\u011b ned\u00e1vno dokon\u010dil sv\u016fj 10patrov\u00fd r\u00e1m a stal se nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u0159ev\u011bnou konstrukc\u00ed odolnou proti zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v Severn\u00ed Americe. <\/p>\nPropojen\u00ed klimatu: uhl\u00edk jako stavebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l<\/h3>\n
Technick\u00e1 odolnost: p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed a po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f<\/h3>\n
\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f Po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed odolnost<\/h4>\n
\ud83c\udfd7\ufe0fSeismick\u00e1 s\u00edla<\/h4>\n
\n– Tlumi\u010de:<\/strong> Za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jako “Tectonus Dampers” funguj\u00ed jako ob\u0159\u00ed tlumi\u010de k rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed energie.
\n– Swinging Walls:<\/strong> V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z University of California v San Diegu \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b otestovali “houpac\u00ed st\u011bny” ukotven\u00e9 ocelov\u00fdmi ty\u010demi. V simulac\u00edch tyto d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 konstrukce p\u0159e\u017eily 88 po sob\u011b jdouc\u00edch sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159\u016f zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed bez jedin\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed. <\/p>\nP\u0159\u00edstup zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na lidi<\/h3>\n
\n
\nSpojen\u00edm starov\u011bk\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 moudrosti s modern\u00edm in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00edm nab\u00edz\u00ed masov\u00e9 d\u0159evo cestu k r\u016fstu m\u011bst, kter\u00e1 funguje v souladu s planetou, nikoli proti n\u00ed. M\u011bsta budoucnosti mohou b\u00fdt dob\u0159e definov\u00e1na pr\u00e1v\u011b lesy, kter\u00e9 je podporuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"