Lidsk\u00e1 biologie je z\u00e1sadn\u011b sv\u00e1z\u00e1na se Zem\u00ed. Od hustoty kost\u00ed po kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed funkce je cel\u00e9 na\u0161e t\u011blo navr\u017eeno tak, aby fungovalo pod neust\u00e1lou gravitac\u00ed. Kdy\u017e jsou astronauti vystaveni mikrogravitaci ve vesm\u00edru, jejich t\u011bla proch\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu, vid\u011bn\u00ed a dokonce i fyzickou polohu mozku uvnit\u0159 lebky.<\/p>\n
Nov\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v Journal of Neuroscience v\u0161ak odhaluje hlub\u0161\u00ed a subtiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m: lidsk\u00fd mozek nikdy skute\u010dn\u011b \u201enezapomene\u201c na zemskou gravitaci, a to ani po m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n
V\u011bdci provedli s\u00e9rii experiment\u016f zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edch 11 astronaut\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed str\u00e1vili nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f na palub\u011b Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanice (ISS). Studie se zam\u011b\u0159ila na to, jak tito lid\u00e9 manipuluj\u00ed s p\u0159edm\u011bty, zejm\u00e9na na jejich s\u00edlu \u00fachopu a rytmus jejich pohyb\u016f.<\/p>\n
The results were paradoxical. P\u0159esto\u017ee astronauti pochopili, \u017ee byli v nulov\u00e9 gravitaci, projevovali dva charakteristick\u00e9 typy chov\u00e1n\u00ed: \u201eSkute\u010dnost, \u017ee jsme byli po desetilet\u00ed vystaveni gravitaci od ran\u00e9ho d\u011btstv\u00ed, znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na ni nem\u016f\u017eeme zapomenout ani o p\u011bt a\u017e \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pozd\u011bji,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Philippe Lefebvre, profesor biomedic\u00ednsk\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed na Katolick\u00e9 univerzit\u011b v Lovani a hlavn\u00ed autor studie.<\/p>\n V podstat\u011b, i kdy\u017e o\u010di astronaut\u016f vid\u011bly stav bezt\u00ed\u017ee, jejich mozek st\u00e1le p\u0159edpov\u00eddal siln\u00fd odpor charakteristick\u00fd pro zemskou gravitaci. Tato \u201echyba p\u0159edpov\u011bdi\u201c zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee mozek p\u0159ekompenzuje t\u00edm, \u017ee vlo\u017e\u00ed obrovskou bezpe\u010dnost<\/strong>, aby v\u00e1m v\u011bci nevyklouzly z rukou. Ve vesm\u00edru se jedn\u00e1 o z\u00e1sadn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, proto\u017ee plovouc\u00ed n\u00e1stroj se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdm projektilem nebo se m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t trvalou ztr\u00e1tou.<\/p>\n I kdy\u017e se mozek nedok\u00e1\u017ee zcela p\u0159epojit do nulov\u00e9 gravitace, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pozoruhodn\u011b flexibiln\u00ed. Studie sledovala, jak rychle se obnovily motorick\u00e9 dovednosti po n\u00e1vratu na Zemi.<\/p>\n V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee jak s\u00edla \u00fachopu, tak pohybov\u00fd rytmus se vr\u00e1tily k pozemsk\u00fdm norm\u00e1m jen jeden den<\/strong> po p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee a\u010dkoli se mozek pln\u011b nep\u0159izp\u016fsob\u00ed \u201enov\u00e9 realit\u011b\u201c vesm\u00edru, zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 si vysoce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd \u201ere\u017eim Zem\u011b\u201c, kter\u00fd lze aktivovat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u011b.<\/p>\n \u201eV\u00edcelet\u00e1 adaptace na gravitaci znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se nem\u016f\u017eeme pln\u011b p\u0159izp\u016fsobit mikrogravitaci, ale v\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee se po n\u00e1vratu na Zemi adaptujeme velmi rychle,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Lefebvre.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Zat\u00edmco se vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 agentury p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed na dlouhodob\u00e9 mise na M\u011bs\u00edc a Mars, tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed kritick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 gravitace<\/strong>.<\/p>\n Na rozd\u00edl od t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u00e9ho stavu bezt\u00ed\u017ee na ISS maj\u00ed M\u011bs\u00edc a Mars svou vlastn\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ita\u017elivost (a\u010dkoli je mnohem slab\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ta Zem\u011b). This creates a complex neurological puzzle: Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto senzomotorick\u00fdch nesrovnalost\u00ed ji\u017e nen\u00ed jen ot\u00e1zkou v\u011bdeck\u00e9 zv\u011bdavosti; je p\u0159edpokladem pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a efektivity pos\u00e1dek pracuj\u00edc\u00edch na nov\u00fdch hranic\u00edch lidsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu.<\/p>\n Z\u00e1v\u011br:<\/strong> P\u0159esto\u017ee lidsk\u00fd mozek z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hluboce propojen s gravita\u010dn\u00edmi vzory Zem\u011b, jeho schopnost rychle se vr\u00e1tit k pozemsk\u00fdm norm\u00e1m slou\u017e\u00ed jako jak\u00e1si \u201ez\u00e1chrann\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165\u201c pro vracej\u00edc\u00ed se astronauty. P\u0159echod na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dnou gravitaci Marsu a M\u011bs\u00edce v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed fyziologickou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou pro budouc\u00ed mise do hlubok\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Lidsk\u00e1 biologie je z\u00e1sadn\u011b sv\u00e1z\u00e1na se Zem\u00ed. Od hustoty kost\u00ed po kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed funkce je cel\u00e9 na\u0161e t\u011blo navr\u017eeno tak, aby fungovalo pod neust\u00e1lou gravitac\u00ed. Kdy\u017e jsou astronauti vystaveni mikrogravitaci ve vesm\u00edru, jejich t\u011bla proch\u00e1zej\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu, vid\u011bn\u00ed a dokonce i fyzickou polohu mozku uvnit\u0159 lebky. Nov\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v Journal of Neuroscience […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7665,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7666"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7666"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7666\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7665"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7666"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7666"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7666"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n– Pomal\u00e9 pohyby:<\/strong> Pohybovali se opatrn\u011bji a pomaleji ne\u017e na Zemi.
\n– Over-Grip:<\/strong> Sv\u00edrali p\u0159edm\u011bty mnohem pevn\u011bji, ne\u017e bylo nutn\u00e9, jako by byly t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e ve skute\u010dnosti byly.<\/p>\nFast readaptation: the bright side<\/h3>\n
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Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro budoucnost vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu<\/h3>\n
\n– Vr\u00e1t\u00ed se astronaut\u016fv mozek na Marsu do \u201epozemsk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu\u201c a bude vn\u00edmat sn\u00ed\u017eenou gravitaci jako plnou?
\n– Pokud mozek p\u0159ekompenzuje gravitaci, kter\u00e1 tam nen\u00ed, mohlo by to v\u00e9st k nemotornosti nebo chyb\u00e1m v kritick\u00fdch situac\u00edch?<\/p>\n
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