{"id":7672,"date":"2026-04-21T13:42:05","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T10:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uavimirjuvannja-kosmichnogo-dviguna-astronomi-rozkrili-spravzhnju\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T13:42:05","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T10:42:05","slug":"uk-uavimirjuvannja-kosmichnogo-dviguna-astronomi-rozkrili-spravzhnju","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uavimirjuvannja-kosmichnogo-dviguna-astronomi-rozkrili-spravzhnju\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kosmick\u00e9ho motoru: Astronomov\u00e9 odhalili skute\u010dnou s\u00edlu v\u00fdtrysk\u016f \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po desetilet\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry nejsou jen gravita\u010dn\u00ed pasti, ale skute\u010dn\u00ed \u201earchitekti\u201c na\u0161eho vesm\u00edru. Kdy\u017e je hmota p\u0159itahov\u00e1na k \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00ed\u0159e, nen\u00ed zcela absorbov\u00e1na. M\u00edsto toho je \u010d\u00e1st t\u00e9to hmoty vyvrhov\u00e1na obrovskou silou z p\u00f3l\u016f a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u00e1rov\u00e9 v\u00fdtrysky (v\u00fdtrysky) plazmy, kter\u00e9 neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou rychlost\u00ed pror\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed vesm\u00edr. <\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u011bdci ji\u017e dlouho ch\u00e1pali, jak\u00fd dopad maj\u00ed tyto v\u00fdtrysky na galaxie, nikdy nebyli schopni p\u0159\u00edmo zm\u011b\u0159it jejich skute\u010dnou s\u00edlu. To se m\u011bn\u00ed s vyd\u00e1n\u00edm nov\u00e9 studie v \u010dasopise Nature Astronomy<\/em>, kter\u00e1 poskytuje vz\u00e1cnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost p\u0159\u00edmo m\u011b\u0159it energetick\u00fd v\u00fdstup \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry. <\/p>\n

Laborato\u0159 Cygnus X-1<\/h3>\n

Pr\u016flom byl umo\u017en\u011bn studiem Cygnus X-1<\/strong>, \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry s hv\u011bzdnou hmotnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 7200 sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let od Zem\u011b. Tento syst\u00e9m je jedine\u010dn\u00fd v tom, \u017ee \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra ob\u00edh\u00e1 kolem masivn\u00edho veleobra a neust\u00e1le \u201epo\u017e\u00edr\u00e1\u201c plyn, kter\u00fd z n\u00ed vytahuje. <\/p>\n

Kombinac\u00ed dvou desetilet\u00ed dat ze dvou mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed radioteleskop\u016f \u2013 American Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) a European VLBI Network (EVN) \u2013 byli v\u011bdci schopni pozorovat fenom\u00e9n, kter\u00fd naz\u00fdvali \u201etan\u010d\u00edc\u00ed trysky\u201c. <\/p>\n

Pro\u010d na tanci z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed<\/h4>\n

Trysky v syst\u00e9mu Cygnus X-1 nest\u0159\u00edl\u00ed v dokonale p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 linii; m\u00edsto toho jsou neust\u00e1le vych\u00fdleny z kurzu a oh\u00fdb\u00e1ny siln\u00fdmi hv\u011bzdn\u00fdmi v\u011btry vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi z bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho veleobra. Tento \u201eoh\u00fdbac\u00ed\u201c pohyb se stal kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm vod\u00edtkem, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pot\u0159ebovali. Pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm toho, jak se trysky pohybuj\u00ed a reaguj\u00ed na tyto v\u011btry, byl t\u00fdm kone\u010dn\u011b schopen vypo\u010d\u00edtat jejich fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti s neb\u00fdvalou p\u0159esnost\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky: rychlost a rozsah<\/h3>\n

Studie odhalila \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd energetick\u00fd v\u00fdkon syst\u00e9mu Cygnus X-1:
\n– Rychlost:<\/strong> trysky se pohybuj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovi\u010dn\u00ed rychlost\u00ed sv\u011btla<\/strong>.
\n– V\u00fddej energie:<\/strong> trysky p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed asi 10 % celkov\u00e9 energie<\/strong> uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 hmotou padaj\u00edc\u00ed do \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry.
\n– Srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se Sluncem:<\/strong> tato s\u00edla odpov\u00edd\u00e1 energii 10 000 Slunc\u00ed<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

Pro\u010d to m\u011bn\u00ed na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru<\/h3>\n

Tento objev m\u00e1 velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam, proto\u017ee posouv\u00e1 v\u011bdu z oblasti spekulace<\/em> do oblasti p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/em>. D\u0159\u00edve mohli astronomov\u00e9 s\u00edlu v\u00fdtrysk\u016f \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br pouze odhadovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b odhadu \u201e\u0161kody\u201c, kterou zp\u016fsobily okoln\u00edm galaxi\u00edm za miliony let. Tyto odhady byly \u010dasto zalo\u017eeny na p\u0159edpokladech o hustot\u011b prostoru nebo slo\u017een\u00ed samotn\u00fdch v\u00fdtrysk\u016f. <\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee prost\u0159ed\u00ed kolem Cygnus X-1 je tak dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9, byli v\u011bdci schopni tyto nejistoty vy\u0159e\u0161it. To poskytuje \u201ezlat\u00fd standard\u201c m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00fd lze pou\u017e\u00edt ke kalibraci model\u016f v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br. <\/p>\n

Od mal\u00fdch po supermasivn\u00ed<\/h4>\n

D\u016fsledky tohoto objevu sahaj\u00ed daleko za hranice jednoho syst\u00e9mu. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed procesy, kter\u00fdmi se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra o hmotnosti 20 Slunce, jako je Cygnus X-1, jsou v z\u00e1sad\u011b podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm v supermasivn\u00edch \u010dern\u00fdch d\u00edr\u00e1ch<\/strong> nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch se v centrech galaxi\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Tito ob\u0159i jsou schopni vytv\u00e1\u0159et tak siln\u00e9 v\u00fdtrysky, \u017ee ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed cel\u00e9 kupy galaxi\u00ed: bu\u010f vyprovokuj\u00ed zrod nov\u00fdch hv\u011bzd pomoc\u00ed r\u00e1zov\u00fdch vln, nebo \u201euhas\u00ed\u201c tvorbu hv\u011bzd odfouknut\u00edm nezbytn\u00fdch z\u00e1sob plynu. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed Cygnus X-1 mohou nyn\u00ed v\u011bdci p\u0159esn\u011bji modelovat, jak tyto kosmick\u00e9 motory formovaly strukturu vesm\u00edru po miliardy let. <\/p>\n

\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br:<\/strong> P\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm m\u011b\u0159en\u00edm \u201etan\u010d\u00edc\u00edch\u201c v\u00fdtrysk\u016f Cygnus X-1 astronomov\u00e9 z\u00edskali kritick\u00fd mezn\u00edk, kter\u00fd up\u0159esn\u00ed na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed toho, jak energie \u010dern\u00fdch d\u011br \u0159\u00edd\u00ed v\u00fdvoj galaxi\u00ed v cel\u00e9m vesm\u00edru.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po desetilet\u00ed astronomov\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry nejsou jen gravita\u010dn\u00ed pasti, ale skute\u010dn\u00ed \u201earchitekti\u201c na\u0161eho vesm\u00edru. Kdy\u017e je hmota p\u0159itahov\u00e1na k \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00ed\u0159e, nen\u00ed zcela absorbov\u00e1na. M\u00edsto toho je \u010d\u00e1st t\u00e9to hmoty vyvrhov\u00e1na obrovskou silou z p\u00f3l\u016f a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u00e1rov\u00e9 v\u00fdtrysky (v\u00fdtrysky) plazmy, kter\u00e9 neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou rychlost\u00ed pror\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed vesm\u00edr. P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u011bdci ji\u017e dlouho ch\u00e1pali, jak\u00fd dopad […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7671,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7672"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7672"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7672\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7671"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7672"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7672"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7672"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}