{"id":7674,"date":"2026-04-21T14:30:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T11:30:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uaza-mezhami-zemli-divovizhna-matematika-najbilshogo-vidalennja\/"},"modified":"2026-04-21T14:30:16","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T11:30:16","slug":"uk-uaza-mezhami-zemli-divovizhna-matematika-najbilshogo-vidalennja","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uaza-mezhami-zemli-divovizhna-matematika-najbilshogo-vidalennja\/","title":{"rendered":"Beyond Earth: \u00da\u017easn\u00e1 matematika nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho vymaz\u00e1n\u00ed lidstva"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco mise Artemis II je \u0161iroce oslavov\u00e1na jako pr\u016flom v pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru, ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 matematick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza odhalila zaj\u00edmav\u00fd obrat: Pos\u00e1dka ve skute\u010dnosti nebyla v \u201enejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti od lidstva\u201c, kdy\u017e dos\u00e1hla nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti od Zem\u011b.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t pe\u010dliv\u00e9, ale zd\u016fraz\u0148uje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed posun v tom, jak definujeme sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto ve vesm\u00edru. Jak se vesm\u00edrn\u00fd pr\u016fzkum p\u0159esouv\u00e1 z n\u00edzk\u00e9 ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy Zem\u011b k cestov\u00e1n\u00ed hlubok\u00fdm vesm\u00edrem, metriku \u201evzd\u00e1lenost od domova\u201c nahrazuje slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: \u201eJak daleko jsme od sebe?\u201c<\/strong> <\/p>\n

P\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed rekordu vzd\u00e1lenosti<\/h3>\n

Dne 6. dubna v 19:02 hod. V\u00fdchodn\u00edho \u010dasu pos\u00e1dka Artemis II \u2013 Reed Wiseman, Victor Glover, Christina Kok a Jeremy Hansen \u2013 dos\u00e1hla maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti 406 771 kilometr\u016f (252 756 mil)<\/strong> od Zem\u011b. Tento miln\u00edk ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ekonal rekord z roku 1970, kter\u00fd vytvo\u0159il Jim Lovell b\u011bhem mise Apollo 13, a stal se tak nejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed lidskou cestou od na\u0161\u00ed domovsk\u00e9 planety. <\/p>\n

Okam\u017eik maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti od Zem\u011b v\u0161ak nebyl okam\u017eikem maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed izolace. <\/p>\n

Prom\u011bnn\u00e1 “Lidstvo”<\/h3>\n

Astrofyzik Jonathan McDowell objevil logickou mezeru v tradi\u010dn\u00edm zp\u016fsobu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed takov\u00fdch \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f. A\u010dkoli \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me \u201evzd\u00e1lenost od Zem\u011b\u201c jako m\u00edru \u201evzd\u00e1lenosti od lidstva\u201c, tyto dva pojmy nejsou toto\u017en\u00e9. V dob\u011b pr\u016fletu Artemis II se lidstvo neomezovalo pouze na povrch Zem\u011b; to bylo tak\u00e9 distribuov\u00e1no p\u0159es n\u011bkolik orbit\u00e1ln\u00edch platforem. <\/p>\n

Aby McDowell na\u0161el skute\u010dn\u00fd okam\u017eik maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed izolace, musel zv\u00e1\u017eit:
\n– Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed pos\u00e1dky:<\/strong> Kapsle Orion s n\u00e1zvem Integrity<\/em>.
\n– Um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed:<\/strong> sedm astronaut\u016f na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanici (ISS) a t\u0159i astronauti na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanici Tiangong.
\n– Relativistick\u00e9 efekty:<\/strong> drobn\u00e9 rozd\u00edly v plynut\u00ed \u010dasu v r\u016fzn\u00fdch gravita\u010dn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.
\n– Orbit\u00e1ln\u00ed mechanika:<\/strong> neust\u00e1l\u00fd a rychl\u00fd pohyb vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch stanic po planet\u011b. <\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledek: nov\u00fd izola\u010dn\u00ed rekord<\/h3>\n

V\u00fdpo\u010dtem geometrick\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti mezi kapsl\u00ed Orion a r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pos\u00e1dkami na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze McDowell zjistil, \u017ee bod, ve kter\u00e9m byli astronauti \u201enejd\u00e1le od jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 osoby\u201c, byl asi 40 minut<\/strong> p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e dos\u00e1hli nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti od Zem\u011b. <\/p>\n

Data uk\u00e1zala zanedbateln\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi dv\u011bma orbit\u00e1ln\u00edmi stanicemi:
\n– Vzd\u00e1lenost od pos\u00e1dky ISS:<\/strong> ~419 581 km
\n– Vzd\u00e1lenost od pos\u00e1dky Tiangong:<\/strong> ~419 643 km<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee pos\u00e1dka Tiangong (Zhang Lu, Wu Fei a Zhang Hongzhang) se v tu konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed chv\u00edli nach\u00e1zela o n\u011bco d\u00e1le od kapsle Orion, stala se bodem skute\u010dn\u00e9ho \u201emaxim\u00e1ln\u00edho odd\u011blen\u00ed\u201c lidstva. <\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro budoucnost<\/h3>\n

Tento v\u00fdpo\u010det nen\u00ed jen matematickou kuriozitou; je to p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f na\u0161\u00ed budoucnosti ve vesm\u00edru. Jak NASA a dal\u0161\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 agentury sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed k zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1l\u00fdch lun\u00e1rn\u00edch z\u00e1kladen a nakonec koloni\u00ed na Marsu, koncept \u201edomova\u201c bude st\u00e1le v\u00edce fragmentovan\u00fd. <\/p>\n

\n

“To vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zku \u010dasu, kdy se nebudeme pt\u00e1t “Jak daleko jsou lid\u00e9 od Zem\u011b?”, ale “Jak daleko jsou lid\u00e9 od sebe?” – Jonathan McDowell<\/em> <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Vstupujeme do \u00e9ry, kdy lidstvo p\u0159estane b\u00fdt jedinou entitou v\u00e1zanou na Zemi a stane se nesourodou sb\u00edrkou z\u00e1kladen. V t\u00e9to nov\u00e9 realit\u011b nebude n\u00e1\u0161 smysl pro spojen\u00ed ur\u010dov\u00e1n vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed od planety, ale obrovsk\u00fdmi, neust\u00e1le se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edmi mezerami mezi n\u00e1mi a na\u0161imi spolupr\u016fzkumn\u00edky.<\/p>\n

\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br:<\/strong> Mise Artemis II prok\u00e1zala, \u017ee i kdy\u017e m\u016f\u017eeme let\u011bt d\u00e1le od Zem\u011b ne\u017e kdy p\u0159edt\u00edm, skute\u010dn\u00e1 m\u00edra lidsk\u00e9 izolace se posouv\u00e1 ze vzd\u00e1lenosti od planety na vzd\u00e1lenost mezi n\u00e1mi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco mise Artemis II je \u0161iroce oslavov\u00e1na jako pr\u016flom v pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru, ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 matematick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza odhalila zaj\u00edmav\u00fd obrat: Pos\u00e1dka ve skute\u010dnosti nebyla v \u201enejvzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti od lidstva\u201c, kdy\u017e dos\u00e1hla nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti od Zem\u011b. Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t pe\u010dliv\u00e9, ale zd\u016fraz\u0148uje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed posun v tom, jak definujeme sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto ve vesm\u00edru. Jak se vesm\u00edrn\u00fd pr\u016fzkum […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7673,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7674"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7674"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7674\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7673"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7674"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7674"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}