{"id":7680,"date":"2026-04-25T19:21:31","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T16:21:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uauspih-polotu-artemis-ii-zatmarenij-nevelikoju-ale-nepriyemnoju\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T19:21:31","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T16:21:31","slug":"uk-uauspih-polotu-artemis-ii-zatmarenij-nevelikoju-ale-nepriyemnoju","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uauspih-polotu-artemis-ii-zatmarenij-nevelikoju-ale-nepriyemnoju\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dasp\u011bch letu Artemis II pokazil mal\u00fd, ale nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd probl\u00e9m: rozbit\u00fd z\u00e1chod"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mise Artemis II ned\u00e1vno dos\u00e1hla historick\u00e9ho miln\u00edku t\u00edm, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vzala \u010dty\u0159i astronauty na 10denn\u00ed cestu kolem M\u011bs\u00edce. Mise splnila sv\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed c\u00edle: demonstrovat schopnost kosmick\u00e9 lodi Orion podporovat lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot b\u011bhem letu do hlubok\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru a zajistit pos\u00e1dce bezpe\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat na Zemi s naprostou p\u0159esnost\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Navzdory high-tech triumfu v\u0161ak pos\u00e1dka narazila na p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b nesourodou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku: z\u00e1chod nespl\u00e1chl.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Krok vp\u0159ed v pohodl\u00ed astronaut\u016f<\/h3>\n

Abychom pochopili, pro\u010d je tato ot\u00e1zka d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, mus\u00edme se pod\u00edvat na cestu, kterou vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 turistika urazila. B\u011bhem \u00e9ry Apolla se astronauti jedouc\u00ed na M\u011bs\u00edc museli p\u0159i sb\u011bru odpadu spol\u00e9hat na primitivn\u00ed jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 pytle. Naproti tomu kapsle Orion na misi Artemis II byla vybavena Universal Waste Management System (UWMS)<\/strong>, komplexn\u00edm 3D ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdm titanov\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, kter\u00e9 bylo navr\u017eeno tak, aby poskytovalo soukrom\u00ed a mnohem efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpady. <\/p>\n

Velitel mise Reed Wiseman chv\u00e1lil samotn\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed a poznamenal, \u017ee toaleta pro pos\u00e1dku fungovala dob\u0159e. Probl\u00e9m nebyl se samotn\u00fdm \u201esedadlem\u201c, ale s vodovodn\u00edm potrub\u00edm. <\/p>\n

Technick\u00e1 porucha: ucpan\u00e9 ventila\u010dn\u00ed potrub\u00ed<\/h3>\n

V polovin\u011b 10denn\u00ed mise se odvzdu\u0161\u0148ovac\u00ed potrub\u00ed<\/strong> ucpalo. Zat\u00edmco NASA vy\u0161et\u0159uje p\u0159esnou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu, objevily se dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed teorie:
\n1. Zmrazen\u00ed:<\/strong> Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00ed teploty v prostoru m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zamrznut\u00ed mo\u010di uvnit\u0159 veden\u00ed.
\n2. Chemick\u00fd kal:<\/strong> Aditiva pou\u017eit\u00e1 v odpadn\u00ed vod\u011b mohla vytvo\u0159it kal nebo usazeninu, kter\u00e1 blokovala pr\u016ftok. <\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od syst\u00e9m\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch na Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanici (ISS), kter\u00e9 jsou ur\u010deny ke zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kapaln\u00e9ho odpadu na pitnou vodu, byl syst\u00e9m Orion navr\u017een na \u201eskl\u00e1dkov\u00e9m\u201c z\u00e1klad\u011b \u2013 co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti uvol\u0148uje tekut\u00fd odpad do vakua vesm\u00edru. <\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 instalace fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016frou<\/h3>\n

Slo\u017eitost \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tekutin na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze zd\u016fraz\u0148uje jeden z nejne\u0159e\u0161iteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f v leteck\u00e9m in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed. Na Zemi poskytuje gravitace konstantn\u00ed, p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou s\u00edlu, kter\u00e1 stahuje kapaliny \u201edol\u016f\u201c do kanalizace. V podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch mikrogravitace ve vesm\u00edru tato p\u0159edv\u00eddatelnost miz\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Podle odborn\u00edk\u016f z Cornell University a University of North Dakota n\u011bkolik faktor\u016f \u010din\u00ed instalaci ve vesm\u00edru neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b obt\u00ed\u017enou:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Hydrodynamika:<\/strong> Bez gravitace je chov\u00e1n\u00ed kapalin \u0159\u00edzeno povrchov\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm<\/strong> a fyzick\u00fdm tvarem potrub\u00ed. Kapaliny nejen te\u010dou; lep\u00ed se na povrchy, krout\u00ed se a pohybuj\u00ed se po nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdch trajektori\u00edch. <\/li>\n
  • Probl\u00e9m s bublinami:<\/strong> Pou\u017eit\u00ed tlaku vzduchu k protla\u010den\u00ed odpadu potrub\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee ne\u00famysln\u011b vytvo\u0159it vzduchov\u00e9 bubliny. V podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch mikrogravitace mohou tyto bubliny uv\u00edznout v potrub\u00ed a zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 ucp\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/li>\n
  • Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed teploty:<\/strong> Prostor za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 extr\u00e9mn\u00ed teplotn\u00ed v\u00fdkyvy. Syst\u00e9m dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159ej\u00edt z extr\u00e9mn\u00edho tepla do extr\u00e9mn\u00edho chladu b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika minut, tak\u017ee termoregulace tekutinov\u00fdch veden\u00ed je neust\u00e1l\u00fdm bojem. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Lekce pro budouc\u00ed mise<\/h3>\n

    I kdy\u017e se ucpan\u00fd z\u00e1chod m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t jako drobn\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edjemnost, pro NASA je to kritick\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Syst\u00e9m Artemis II UWMS byl prototyp \u2013 poprv\u00e9, kdy byl tento konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed syst\u00e9m testov\u00e1n v hlubok\u00e9m vesm\u00edru. <\/p>\n

    \u00dasp\u011bch mise ve v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch ohledech nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u201eoprava\u201c vodovodn\u00edho potrub\u00ed bude s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed zcela zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00fd \u00fakol. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se zva\u017euj\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed:
    \n* Instalace vestav\u011bn\u00fdch oh\u0159\u00edva\u010d\u016f<\/strong> proti zamrznut\u00ed.
    \n* Upravte pr\u016ftok vzduchu a vody<\/strong>, abyste minimalizovali tvorbu bublin a usazov\u00e1n\u00ed sediment\u016f. <\/p>\n

    \n

    “Pokud ulet\u00edte 400 000 kilometr\u016f, vra\u0165te se a v\u00e1\u0161 jedin\u00fd probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee v\u00fddej mo\u010di nebyl dokonal\u00fd, no, to je skv\u011bl\u00fd v\u00fdsledek.” <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong>
    \nMise Artemis II prok\u00e1zala, \u017ee kosmick\u00e1 lo\u010f Orion je schopna let\u016f do hlubok\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru a poskytla NASA kritick\u00e1 data pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f podpory \u017eivota. A\u010dkoli probl\u00e9my s instalac\u00ed vy\u017eaduj\u00ed technick\u00e9 \u00fapravy, mise z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm krokem k trval\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti v bl\u00edzkosti M\u011bs\u00edce.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Mise Artemis II ned\u00e1vno dos\u00e1hla historick\u00e9ho miln\u00edku t\u00edm, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vzala \u010dty\u0159i astronauty na 10denn\u00ed cestu kolem M\u011bs\u00edce. Mise splnila sv\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed c\u00edle: demonstrovat schopnost kosmick\u00e9 lodi Orion podporovat lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot b\u011bhem letu do hlubok\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru a zajistit pos\u00e1dce bezpe\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat na Zemi s naprostou p\u0159esnost\u00ed. Navzdory high-tech triumfu v\u0161ak pos\u00e1dka narazila na p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b nesourodou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7679,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7680"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7680"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7680\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}