{"id":7682,"date":"2026-04-25T19:22:52","date_gmt":"2026-04-25T16:22:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-ua2200-richna-rimska-korabelna-avarija-rozkrivaye-tayemnitsi-togo\/"},"modified":"2026-04-25T19:22:52","modified_gmt":"2026-04-25T16:22:52","slug":"uk-ua2200-richna-rimska-korabelna-avarija-rozkrivaye-tayemnitsi-togo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-ua2200-richna-rimska-korabelna-avarija-rozkrivaye-tayemnitsi-togo\/","title":{"rendered":"Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed otisk starov\u011bk\u00e9ho vraku: odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 flotily"},"content":{"rendered":"

Archeologov\u00e9 se dlouho soust\u0159edili na \u201epoklady\u201c potopen\u00fdch lod\u00ed \u2013 zlato, keramiku a amfory. Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum vraku lodi Ilovik\u2013Par\u017eine 1<\/strong>, 2200 let star\u00e9 lodi z dob \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 republiky, v\u0161ak posunul v\u011bdeck\u00fd z\u00e1jem k n\u011b\u010demu mnohem funk\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu: vodot\u011bsn\u00e9 vrstv\u011b trupu. <\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdzou mikroskopick\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f materi\u00e1l\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k udr\u017een\u00ed lodi ve vztlaku v\u011bdci rekonstruuj\u00ed podrobnou mapu starov\u011bk\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch technologi\u00ed, obchodn\u00edch cest a metod oprav. <\/p>\n

“Sticky” \u010dasov\u00e1 kapsle<\/h3>\n

Vrak lodi objeven\u00fd v roce 2016 u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho Chorvatska obsahoval unik\u00e1tn\u00ed ochrann\u00fd n\u00e1t\u011br, kter\u00fd fungoval jako biologick\u00e1 past. Stejn\u011b jako prysky\u0159ice strom\u016f, lepkav\u00fd, vod\u011bodoln\u00fd materi\u00e1l zachycoval pyl rostlin, kdy\u017e byl aplikov\u00e1n. <\/p>\n

Studiem molekul\u00e1rn\u00edho slo\u017een\u00ed<\/strong> povlaku a pylu v n\u011bm zachycen\u00e9ho<\/strong> byli v\u011bdci z univerzity ve \u0160trasburku a dal\u0161\u00edch instituc\u00ed schopni rekonstruovat historii lodi. Tato metoda umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm j\u00edt nad r\u00e1mec pouh\u00e9ho porozum\u011bn\u00ed co<\/em> byla lo\u010f a porozum\u011bt kde<\/em> byla postavena a jak<\/em> o ni bylo pe\u010dov\u00e1no. <\/p>\n

Rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed receptu: prysky\u0159ice, dehet a zopissa<\/em> <\/h3>\n

Prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed a molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy deseti vzork\u016f povlaku ur\u010dil v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm \u201emolekul\u00e1rn\u00ed otisk\u201c ochrany n\u00e1doby. V\u00fdsledky odhalily komplexn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed organick\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Prysky\u0159ice a dehet z m\u011bkk\u00e9ho d\u0159eva:<\/strong> Hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsady ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b vzork\u016f byly zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00e9 borovicov\u00e9 prysky\u0159ice nebo dehet. <\/li>\n
  • Zopissa*:<\/strong> Jeden konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vzorek obsahoval sm\u011bs v\u010del\u00edho vosku a dehtu. Tuto l\u00e1tku, \u0158ek\u016fm zn\u00e1mou jako zopissa<\/em>, podrobn\u011b popsal \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd v\u011bdec Plinius star\u0161\u00ed. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    P\u0159\u00edtomnost zopissa<\/em> je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee i v \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e vlivu byly \u0159eck\u00e9 tradice stavby lod\u00ed a formulace materi\u00e1l\u016f nad\u00e1le aktivn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny v cel\u00e9m Jadranu. <\/p>\n

    Mapa pylov\u00e9 cesty<\/h3>\n

    Anal\u00fdza pylu slou\u017eila jako druh \u201ebiologick\u00e9ho GPS\u201c pro plavidlo. Vzorky obsahovaly rozmanitou \u0161k\u00e1lu fl\u00f3ry, v\u010detn\u011b:
    \n– Typick\u00e9 st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 druhy:<\/strong> cesm\u00edna dubov\u00e1, borovice, oliva a l\u00edskov\u00fd o\u0159ech.
    \n– \u0158e\u010dn\u00ed a lesn\u00ed druhy:<\/strong> ol\u0161e, jasan, jedle a buk. <\/p>\n

    Tento d\u016fkaz podporuje hypot\u00e9zu, \u017ee lo\u010f byla s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed postavena v Brundisii<\/strong> (modern\u00ed Brindisi, It\u00e1lie), regionu s \u00fazk\u00fdmi vazbami na \u0159eck\u00e9 kolonie. Pylov\u00fd profil ukazuje, \u017ee prvn\u00ed n\u00e1t\u011br byl nanesen u tohoto italsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed vrstvy byly aplikov\u00e1ny, kdy\u017e se lo\u010f pohybovala pod\u00e9l Jadranu. <\/p>\n

    Historie oprav a tras<\/h3>\n

    Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00edce odhaluj\u00edc\u00edch aspekt\u016f studie bylo nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed pokryt\u00ed. Pokud m\u011bla z\u00e1\u010f a st\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st lodi jednotn\u00e9 vrstvy, pak v p\u0159\u00eddi byly t\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00e9 f\u00e1ze aplikace<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

    Tento rozpor ukazuje na praxi \u201ez\u00e1platov\u00fdch\u201c oprav. Lo\u010f pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b podstoupila n\u011bkolik kol \u00fadr\u017eby \u2013 celkem \u010dty\u0159i a\u017e p\u011bt n\u00e1t\u011br\u016f \u2013 za pou\u017eit\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee lo\u010f nebyla jen jednor\u00e1zovou n\u00e1kladn\u00ed lod\u00ed, ale byla pracovn\u00edm plavidlem, kter\u00e9 se aktivn\u011b pohybovalo mezi z\u00e1padn\u00edm a v\u00fdchodn\u00edm b\u0159ehem Jadranu a volalo po r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstavech k oprav\u011b. <\/p>\n

    \n

    \u201eNa\u0161e studie vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na naviga\u010dn\u00ed trasy na z\u00e1klad\u011b vod\u00edtek spojen\u00fdch s t\u00edm, kde byla lo\u010f postavena, a zejm\u00e9na v r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch n\u00e1t\u011bru,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed autorka Armelle Charry-Duault. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n

    Studiem mikroskopick\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f hydroizolace v\u011bdci prom\u011bnili vrak v podrobnou kroniku starov\u011bk\u00e9 logistiky. Vrak lodi Ilovik\u2013Par\u017eine 1 dokazuje, \u017ee \u201elepidlo\u201c, kter\u00e9 dr\u017e\u00ed starov\u011bk\u00e9 plavidlo pohromad\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee o n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed historii vypov\u011bd\u011bt tolik, jako n\u00e1klad, kter\u00fd kdysi neslo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Archeologov\u00e9 se dlouho soust\u0159edili na \u201epoklady\u201c potopen\u00fdch lod\u00ed \u2013 zlato, keramiku a amfory. Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum vraku lodi Ilovik\u2013Par\u017eine 1, 2200 let star\u00e9 lodi z dob \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 republiky, v\u0161ak posunul v\u011bdeck\u00fd z\u00e1jem k n\u011b\u010demu mnohem funk\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu: vodot\u011bsn\u00e9 vrstv\u011b trupu. Anal\u00fdzou mikroskopick\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f materi\u00e1l\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch k udr\u017een\u00ed lodi ve vztlaku v\u011bdci rekonstruuj\u00ed podrobnou mapu starov\u011bk\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch technologi\u00ed, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7681,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7682"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7682"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7682\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7682"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7682"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7682"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}