{"id":7704,"date":"2026-04-28T03:43:45","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T00:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uapoza-ljudskoju-formoju-chomu-majbutnye-robototehniki-ne\/"},"modified":"2026-04-28T03:43:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T00:43:45","slug":"uk-uapoza-ljudskoju-formoju-chomu-majbutnye-robototehniki-ne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uapoza-ljudskoju-formoju-chomu-majbutnye-robototehniki-ne\/","title":{"rendered":"Mimo lidskou podobu: pro\u010d budoucnost robotiky nen\u00ed v n\u00e1s"},"content":{"rendered":"

Po desetilet\u00ed byla sci-fi posedl\u00e1 jedinou viz\u00ed budoucnosti: humanoidn\u00edm robotem. Od Pinocchia po Spielberg\u016fv film Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence je d\u011bj nem\u011bnn\u00fd: pokud vytvo\u0159\u00edme n\u011bco, co vypad\u00e1, h\u00fdbe se a p\u016fsob\u00ed jako \u010dlov\u011bk, nakonec vytvo\u0159\u00edme bytost, kter\u00e1 je k nerozezn\u00e1n\u00ed od n\u00e1s samotn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

V pokro\u010dil\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00edch modern\u00ed robotiky se v\u0161ak odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 jin\u00e1, podivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed realita. Nam\u00edsto snahy o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dokonal\u00e9 kopie \u010dlov\u011bka si in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee * * napodobov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 formy m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ve skute\u010dnosti p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou.**<\/p>\n

Past na biomimikry<\/h3>\n

Je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl mezi p\u016fj\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm principu od p\u0159\u00edrody a kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00edm jeho podoby. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i ji\u017e dlouho \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed “biomimikry” k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f: lepic\u00ed p\u00e1sky inspirovan\u00e9 gekonov\u00fdmi tlapkami nebo plavky s texturou \u017eralo\u010d\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee jsou triumfy fyziky. Ale pokud jde o pohyb, tot\u00e1ln\u00ed imitace \u010dasto sel\u017ee.<\/p>\n

Po stalet\u00ed se vyn\u00e1lezci pokou\u0161eli stav\u011bt “ornitoptera” \u2014 stroje, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1vaj\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddly jako pt\u00e1ci-jen aby pochopili, \u017ee je to slep\u00e1 uli\u010dka k letu. Brat\u0159i Wrightov\u00e9 nebyli \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed na \u00fakor Mach\u016f, ale d\u00edky zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch princip\u016f zvedac\u00ed s\u00edly a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Stejn\u00e1 logika plat\u00ed i pro robotiku. Lidsk\u00e9 t\u011blo je ur\u010deno k p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed pomoc\u00ed sval\u016f, \u0161lach a chemick\u00e9 energie. Robot pracuje na kovu, motorech a elekt\u0159in\u011b.<\/p>\n

\n

“Studium \u017eiv\u00fdch organism\u016f n\u00e1m poskytuje p\u0159edstavu o \u00farovni produktivity, kter\u00e9 lze dos\u00e1hnout… Je to u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod, ale je spr\u00e1vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat p\u0159\u00edrodu jako zdroj n\u00e1pad\u016f, ne\u017e se ji sna\u017eit p\u0159esn\u011b replikovat.” – Prof. Park Hae won, KAIST<\/em> *<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Formul\u00e1\u0159 sleduje funkci: \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f<\/h3>\n

V laborato\u0159i Hubo v KAIST pod veden\u00edm profesora Park Hae Wona nen\u00ed c\u00edlem vytvo\u0159it robota, kter\u00fd vypad\u00e1 jako \u010dlov\u011bk, ale vytvo\u0159it stroj, kter\u00fd \u0159e\u0161\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na probl\u00e9m vedl k n\u011bkolika radik\u00e1ln\u00edm odchylk\u00e1m od lidsk\u00e9 siluety:<\/p>\n

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  • \n
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      • Rychlost je d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e symetrie: * * zat\u00edmco \u010dlov\u011bk pot\u0159ebuje p\u0159ej\u00edt na b\u011bh, aby se rychle pohyboval, dvounoz\u00ed roboti KAIST mohou dos\u00e1hnout rychlosti 12,6 km\/h pomoc\u00ed pohyb\u016f, kter\u00e9 se v\u00edce podobaj\u00ed “m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed ch\u016fzi” ne\u017e lidsk\u00e9mu kroku.
        \n** * Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed podm\u00ednky: * * robot Quadruped * * MARVEL * * byl navr\u017een pro nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 objekty, jako jsou lod\u011bnice a mosty. M\u00edsto pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsavek podle typu gekonov\u00fdch tlapek \u2014 kter\u00e9 jsou na rezav\u00e9 nebo naolejovan\u00e9 oceli k ni\u010demu \u2014 in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i vybavili MARVEL *elektrick\u00fdmi magnety<\/strong>. To umo\u017e\u0148uje, aby se robot “p\u0159ilepil” na svisl\u00e9 st\u011bny a stropy pomoc\u00ed p\u011btimilisekundov\u00e9ho pulzu a nesl vlastn\u00ed v\u00e1hu a t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
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          • V\u00fdzva “jedn\u00e9 nohy”: * * v odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9m experimentu pro kontrolu rovnov\u00e1hy t\u00fdm vytvo\u0159il robota, kter\u00fd se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 pouze z jedn\u00e9 nohy. Pot\u00e9, co v\u011bdci zvl\u00e1dli brut\u00e1ln\u00ed fyziku sk\u00e1kaj\u00edc\u00edho jednonoh\u00e9ho robota schopn\u00e9ho prov\u00e1d\u011bt salta ve vzduchu, dok\u00e1zali, \u017ee jejich algoritmy dok\u00e1\u017eou zvl\u00e1dnout i ty nejextr\u00e9mn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvy k udr\u017een\u00ed stability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            Break “Sim-to-Real”: kde se software setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s hardwarem<\/h3>\n

            I p\u0159i dokonal\u00e9m n\u00e1vrhu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 velkou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou: * * propast mezi simulac\u00ed a realitou.**<\/p>\n

            Modern\u00ed roboti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed * * posilovac\u00ed u\u010den\u00ed (AI)**, aby se nau\u010dili pohybovat. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee by u\u010den\u00ed fyzick\u00e9ho robota metodou pokus\u016f a omyl\u016f trvalo roky, v\u011bdci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de ke spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tis\u00edc\u016f simulac\u00ed najednou. Ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b m\u016f\u017ee robot “tr\u00e9novat” cel\u00fd rok za pouh\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159i hodiny.<\/p>\n

            Simulace jsou \u010dasto “p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dokonal\u00e9”. \u010casto nezohled\u0148uj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 t\u0159en\u00ed a mechanick\u00e9 omezen\u00ed motor\u016f. Robot, kter\u00fd se nau\u010dil chodit v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b bez t\u0159en\u00ed, okam\u017eit\u011b spadne na skute\u010dnou tov\u00e1rn\u00ed podlahu.<\/p>\n

            K p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to mezery t\u00fdm KAIST pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dv\u011b strategie:
            \n1. ** Slad\u011bn\u00ed hardwaru: * * vyvinuli pohony typu “quasi-direct drive” s n\u00edzk\u00fdm p\u0159evodov\u00fdm pom\u011brem, aby sn\u00ed\u017eili vnit\u0159n\u00ed t\u0159en\u00ed a donutili fyzick\u00e9ho robota, aby se choval stejn\u011b hladce jako jeho digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dvojn\u00edk.
            \n2. ** Simulace zalo\u017een\u00e1 na datech:** nam\u00edsto pou\u017eit\u00ed zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 matematiky na\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed do AI skute\u010dn\u00e9, “\u0161pinav\u00e9” k\u0159ivky v\u00fdkonu sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch motor\u016f, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee software p\u0159esn\u011b zn\u00e1 limity hardwaru.<\/p>\n

            Ekonomick\u00e1 realita robotiky<\/h3>\n

            Kolem humanoidn\u00edch robot\u016f je obrovsk\u00fd humbuk, ale p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh je pln\u00fd n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch propad\u016f, jako je Asimo od Hondy. Aby robot p\u0159e\u0161el od laboratorn\u00ed uk\u00e1zky ke komer\u010dn\u00edmu \u00fasp\u011bchu, mus\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m nedostatku pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly.<\/p>\n

            V Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji rychle st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed populace vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vakuum ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edm sektoru. Mlad\u00ed pracovn\u00edci odch\u00e1zej\u00ed z oblasti fyzick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a zanech\u00e1vaj\u00ed mezeru, kterou nemohou zcela zaplnit ani star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9, ani zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci.<\/p>\n

            Profesor Pak s\u00e1z\u00ed na * * prakti\u010dnost, ne na estetiku**. Jeho roboti jsou konstruov\u00e1ni tak, aby p\u0159epravovali n\u00e1klad o hmotnosti 25 kg nebo v\u00edce \u2014 co\u017e v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159ekra\u010duje mo\u017enosti v\u011bt\u0161iny sou\u010dasn\u00fdch humanoid\u016f \u2014 speci\u00e1ln\u011b pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch \u00fakol\u016f v modern\u00ed tov\u00e1rn\u011b.<\/p>\n

            \n

            Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong>
            \nBudoucnost\u00ed robotiky nen\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch lid\u00ed, ale navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed specializovan\u00fdch stroj\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch jedine\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody elekt\u0159iny a kovu. T\u00edm, \u017ee in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e biologickou imitaci, p\u0159istupuj\u00ed k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed robot\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b dopl\u0148uj\u00ed a obohacuj\u00ed lidskou pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Po desetilet\u00ed byla sci-fi posedl\u00e1 jedinou viz\u00ed budoucnosti: humanoidn\u00edm robotem. Od Pinocchia po Spielberg\u016fv film Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence je d\u011bj nem\u011bnn\u00fd: pokud vytvo\u0159\u00edme n\u011bco, co vypad\u00e1, h\u00fdbe se a p\u016fsob\u00ed jako \u010dlov\u011bk, nakonec vytvo\u0159\u00edme bytost, kter\u00e1 je k nerozezn\u00e1n\u00ed od n\u00e1s samotn\u00fdch. V pokro\u010dil\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00edch modern\u00ed robotiky se v\u0161ak odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 jin\u00e1, podivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed realita. Nam\u00edsto snahy o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7703,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7704"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7704"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7704\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7703"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7704"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7704"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7704"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}