{"id":7734,"date":"2026-05-08T09:13:32","date_gmt":"2026-05-08T06:13:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uazagadkova-povedinka-zivanija-u-gorbatih-kitiv-viklikaye-novij\/"},"modified":"2026-05-08T09:13:32","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T06:13:32","slug":"uk-uazagadkova-povedinka-zivanija-u-gorbatih-kitiv-viklikaye-novij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uazagadkova-povedinka-zivanija-u-gorbatih-kitiv-viklikaye-novij\/","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1hadn\u00e9 “z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed” u keporkak\u016f vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00fd v\u011bdeck\u00fd z\u00e1jem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Keporkaci jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdmi velkolep\u00fdmi loveck\u00fdmi sc\u00e9nami: otev\u00edraj\u00ed sv\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e9 \u010delisti, aby spolykali obrovsk\u00e9 objemy vody napln\u011bn\u00e9 krilem nebo mal\u00fdmi rybami. Tato technika “krmen\u00ed p\u0159i \u00fatoku” se op\u00edr\u00e1 o velryb\u00ed baleen, kter\u00fd funguje jako filtr, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje velryb\u011b vyplivnout vodu a p\u0159itom udr\u017eet ko\u0159ist uvnit\u0159. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak odhalila z\u00e1hadnou odchylku od tohoto dob\u0159e prozkouman\u00e9ho vzorce: n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed keporkaci maj\u00ed tlamu doko\u0159\u00e1n, i kdy\u017e pobl\u00ed\u017e nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 potrava. <\/p>\n

Toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 gaping<\/strong> neboli \u201ez\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, p\u0159it\u00e1hlo mezi mo\u0159sk\u00fdmi biology velk\u00fd z\u00e1jem. Na rozd\u00edl od krmen\u00ed, kde jsou \u00fasta otev\u0159ena kr\u00e1tce a c\u00edlen\u011b, \u201ez\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c zahrnuje dlouh\u00e1 obdob\u00ed s \u0161iroce otev\u0159en\u00fdmi \u00fasty, co\u017e vede v\u011bdce k pochybnostem o jeho biologick\u00e9 funkci. <\/p>\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1hady s pomoc\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f<\/h3>\n

P\u0159i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto jevu se t\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016f pod veden\u00edm Vanessy Pirotta, p\u0159edn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed na Macquarie University v Austr\u00e1lii, obr\u00e1til na ne\u010dekan\u00fd zdroj dat: soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia. T\u00fdm analyzoval 66 vide\u00ed a fotografi\u00ed po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch v letech 2014 a\u017e 2025 turisty, provozovateli dron\u016f a ob\u010dansk\u00fdmi v\u011bdci. Tyto sn\u00edmky po\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 z lod\u00ed, pod vodou a ze vzduchu poskytly jedine\u010dn\u00fd pohled na vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 vzorce chov\u00e1n\u00ed velryb, kter\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 expedice mohly minout. <\/p>\n

Studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Animal Behavior and Cognition<\/em> definuje \u201ez\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c jako \u201eotev\u0159en\u00ed tlamy velryby mimo kontext krmen\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se li\u0161\u00ed jak stupe\u0148 otev\u0159en\u00ed tlamy, tak jej\u00ed trv\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c. Pomoc\u00ed vysoce kvalitn\u00ed spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 technologie a bystr\u00e9ho oka pozorovatel\u016f velryb byli v\u011bdci schopni sestavit soubor dat, kter\u00fd demonstruje hodnotu zapojen\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti do mo\u0159sk\u00e9 biologie. <\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee p\u0159esn\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nezn\u00e1m\u00e1, v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm p\u0159i\u0161el s n\u011bkolika hypot\u00e9zami, kter\u00e9 vysv\u011btluj\u00ed, pro\u010d mohou keporkaci vykazovat toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed interakce nebo hra:<\/strong> Velryby jsou vysoce soci\u00e1ln\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 a \u201ez\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt formou komunikace nebo hern\u00ed aktivity ve skupin\u011b. <\/li>\n
  • P\u00e9\u010de o Baleen:<\/strong> Velryby mohou \u010distit sv\u00e9 bal\u00ednov\u00e9 tal\u00ed\u0159e od ne\u010distot nebo parazit\u016f, co\u017e zaji\u0161\u0165uje efektivn\u00ed krmen\u00ed v budoucnu. <\/li>\n
  • Fyzick\u00e9 protahov\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Stejn\u011b jako si lid\u00e9 protahuj\u00ed \u010delisti po dlouh\u00e9m j\u00eddle, velryby mohou uvolnit svalov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed v \u010delistn\u00edch kloubech. <\/li>\n
  • Zdravotn\u00ed obavy:<\/strong> V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee \u201ez\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c znamenat reakci na vykloubenou \u010delist nebo jin\u00e9 fyzick\u00e9 nepohodl\u00ed. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \n

    “Kdy\u017e si mysl\u00edme, \u017ee toho o keporkac\u00edch hodn\u011b v\u00edme, uv\u011bdom\u00edme si, \u017ee toho nev\u00edme dost,” \u0159ekl Pirotta a zd\u016fraznil trvalou mystiku t\u011bchto mo\u0159sk\u00fdch obr\u016f. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

    Role ob\u010dansk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f v mo\u0159sk\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu<\/h3>\n

    Krom\u011b biologick\u00fdch aspekt\u016f tato studie zd\u016fraz\u0148uje \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed trend ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u010dinnosti: rostouc\u00ed z\u00e1vislost na ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011b<\/strong>. Touroper\u00e1to\u0159i a amat\u00e9r\u0161t\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 tr\u00e1v\u00ed nespo\u010det hodin sledov\u00e1n\u00edm velryb a po\u0159izuj\u00ed vysoce kvalitn\u00ed z\u00e1b\u011bry, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed do glob\u00e1ln\u00edch datab\u00e1z\u00ed. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup zalo\u017een\u00fd na spolupr\u00e1ci nejen prohlubuje na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 demokratizuje v\u011bdeck\u00e9 objevy a umo\u017e\u0148uje ve\u0159ejnosti hr\u00e1t aktivn\u00ed roli v ochran\u011b a v\u00fdzkumu. <\/p>\n

    Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n

    Objev chov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed u keporkak\u016f ilustruje jak limity sou\u010dasn\u00fdch znalost\u00ed, tak potenci\u00e1l komunitn\u00ed v\u011bdy. Jak v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pokra\u010duj\u00ed v odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1had t\u011bchto majest\u00e1tn\u00edch tvor\u016f, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zapojen\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro posun mo\u0159sk\u00e9 biologie kup\u0159edu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Keporkaci jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdmi velkolep\u00fdmi loveck\u00fdmi sc\u00e9nami: otev\u00edraj\u00ed sv\u00e9 obrovsk\u00e9 \u010delisti, aby spolykali obrovsk\u00e9 objemy vody napln\u011bn\u00e9 krilem nebo mal\u00fdmi rybami. Tato technika “krmen\u00ed p\u0159i \u00fatoku” se op\u00edr\u00e1 o velryb\u00ed baleen, kter\u00fd funguje jako filtr, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje velryb\u011b vyplivnout vodu a p\u0159itom udr\u017eet ko\u0159ist uvnit\u0159. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak odhalila z\u00e1hadnou odchylku od tohoto dob\u0159e prozkouman\u00e9ho […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7733,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7734"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7734"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7734\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}