{"id":7742,"date":"2026-05-09T04:35:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-09T01:35:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uavelika-diskusija-schodo-perevirki-osvitnih-tehnologij-derzhavi\/"},"modified":"2026-05-09T04:35:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T01:35:20","slug":"uk-uavelika-diskusija-schodo-perevirki-osvitnih-tehnologij-derzhavi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uavelika-diskusija-schodo-perevirki-osvitnih-tehnologij-derzhavi\/","title":{"rendered":"Velk\u00e1 debata o kontrole vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch technologi\u00ed: st\u00e1ty posiluj\u00ed kontrolu nad \u0161koln\u00edm softwarem kv\u016fli probl\u00e9m\u016fm s ochranou soukrom\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jak rostou obavy z nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho \u010dasu str\u00e1ven\u00e9ho d\u011btmi u obrazovek ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, zaost\u0159uje se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed aktivity rodi\u010d\u016f a pedagog\u016f. Pokud se d\u0159\u00edve \u00fasil\u00ed soust\u0159edilo na z\u00e1kaz osobn\u00edch mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f, nyn\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed nov\u00e1 fronta boje: p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 kontrola softwaru a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyd\u00e1van\u00fdch \u0161kolou.<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Cel\u00e9 roky \u0161koln\u00ed notebooky a tablety fungovaly v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch prakticky bez kontroly, kter\u00e1 se vztahuje na osobn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Aktivist\u00e9 v\u0161ak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee bez \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 regulace mohou tyto n\u00e1stroje vydan\u00e9 krajem p\u0159isp\u00edvat ke stejn\u00fdm rozpt\u00fdlen\u00ed a rizik\u016fm pro soukrom\u00ed jako osobn\u00ed chytr\u00e9 telefony. V reakci na to z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci * * Rhode Island, Utah a Vermont** zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed k revizi toho, jak jsou vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed technologie vyb\u00edr\u00e1ny, certifikov\u00e1ny a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m: kdo kontroluje n\u00e1stroje?<\/h3>\n

Odpov\u011bdnost za v\u00fdb\u011br vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho softwaru nyn\u00ed pad\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na \u0161koln\u00ed rady, \u0159editele IT a administr\u00e1tory. Tito \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci se \u010dasto spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na data poskytovan\u00e1 samotn\u00fdmi dodavateli, aby zjistili, zda je produkt bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Kim Whitman, spoluzakladatel iniciativy Smartphone Free Childhood US, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje vlastn\u00ed konflikt z\u00e1jm\u016f tohoto modelu. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee spol\u00e9hat se na IT \u0159editele pro kontrolu slo\u017eit\u00e9ho softwaru je nere\u00e1ln\u00e9 a povolen\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed k sebeprezentaci se rovn\u00e1 tomu, jako by “tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti testovaly vlastn\u00ed cigarety”.<\/p>\n

“V tuto chv\u00edli nikdo nepotvrzuje, \u017ee tyto produkty jsou bezpe\u010dn\u00e9, \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 a leg\u00e1ln\u00ed,” \u0159ekla Whitmanov\u00e1. “Nem\u011blo by to le\u017eet na \u0159editel\u00edch IT v kraji… A firmy by tento \u00fakol nem\u011bly dostat.<\/p>\n

Nedostatek nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho dohledu vedl k hnut\u00ed za zaveden\u00ed certifika\u010dn\u00edch standard\u016f na pln\u00fd \u00favazek, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je zajistit, aby digit\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1stroje byly nejen pedagogicky podlo\u017een\u00e9, ale tak\u00e9 aby chr\u00e1nily soukrom\u00ed student\u016f a byly v souladu s pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy.<\/p>\n

Legislativn\u00ed kroky st\u00e1tu za st\u00e1tem<\/h3>\n

T\u0159i st\u00e1ty se odli\u0161ily jako prvn\u00ed n\u00e1sledovn\u00edci p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pravidel v oblasti vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch technologi\u00ed, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd vol\u00ed trochu odli\u0161n\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Vermont: povinn\u00e1 registrace a certifikace<\/h4>\n

Navrhovan\u00fd vermontsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon * “z\u00e1kon t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se produkt\u016f vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch technologi\u00ed”* se sna\u017e\u00ed vytvo\u0159it form\u00e1ln\u00ed certifika\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Mezi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n

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      • Ro\u010dn\u00ed registrace: * * v\u0161ichni poskytovatel\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch technologi\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fdch pro studenty se mus\u00ed zaregistrovat na st\u00e1tn\u00edm sekretari\u00e1tu a zaplatit poplatek 100 USD.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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          • Transparentnost: * * poskytovatel\u00e9 mus\u00ed poskytovat aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed smluvn\u00ed podm\u00ednky a Z\u00e1sady ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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              • P\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 krit\u00e9ria: * * certifikace bude z\u00e1viset na dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed standard\u016f osnov na pln\u00fd \u00favazek, zda je n\u00e1stroj v\u00fdslovn\u011b navr\u017een pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, a hodnocen\u00ed funkc\u00ed, jako je um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence, geolokace a c\u00edlen\u00e1 reklama.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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                  • Term\u00edny: * * pokud bude z\u00e1kon p\u0159ijat, vstoup\u00ed v platnost 1.\u010dervence 2026. Do listopadu 2027 by m\u011bla vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed agentura hl\u00e1sit, kter\u00e9 organizace by m\u011bly tento proces certifikace \u0159\u00eddit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Poukazuje na to, \u017ee kone\u010dn\u00e1 verze z\u00e1kona p\u0159ijat\u00e1 sn\u011bmovnou odstranila p\u016fvodn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed o pokut\u00e1ch pro nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed dodavatele a posunula zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed z trestu na strukturovan\u00fd dohled.<\/p>\n

                    Utah: v\u011bkov\u00e9 omezen\u00ed a c\u00edlen\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h4>\n

                    Utah ji\u017e zavedl v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bny po podpisu z\u00e1kona * “o vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed” * 18.b\u0159ezna. Tento z\u00e1kon ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 Rad\u011b pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v Utahu studovat digit\u00e1ln\u00ed praktiky a poskytovat pokyny pro odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

                    Dopl\u0148uje to n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona * “novely o pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b”*, kter\u00fd zav\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed \u010dasu str\u00e1ven\u00e9ho na obrazovce v z\u00e1vislosti na v\u011bku:<\/p>\n

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                        • P\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed-3. T\u0159\u00edda: * * \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd na obrazovce je zcela zak\u00e1z\u00e1n, s v\u00fdjimkou kurz\u016f informatiky a testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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                            • St\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kola: * * rodi\u010de mus\u00ed d\u00e1t souhlas (“opt-in”), aby si studenti mohli vz\u00edt za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dom\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
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                                • St\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161kola: * * studenti si mohou vz\u00edt za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed dom\u016f, pokud se rodi\u010de tohoto pr\u00e1va nevzdaj\u00ed (“opt-out”).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                  Mluv\u010d\u00ed Ariel Defai (R-UT), sponzor zm\u011bn, zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee c\u00edlem nen\u00ed vzd\u00e1t se technologi\u00ed, ale zajistit, aby slou\u017eily jasn\u00e9mu vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmu c\u00edli. “Nejsme proti technologi\u00edm,” prohl\u00e1sila. “Chceme se jen ujistit, \u017ee vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed technologie jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny c\u00edlen\u011b a skute\u010dn\u011b pom\u00e1haj\u00ed student\u016fm u\u010dit se.”<\/p>\n

                                  Rhode Island: soukrom\u00ed a ochrana dat<\/h4>\n
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                                  • Z\u00e1kon o bezpe\u010dn\u00fdch \u0161koln\u00edch technologi\u00edch z roku 2026 * Rhode Island klade siln\u00fd d\u016fraz na soukrom\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnost dat. N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd navrhli t\u0159i z\u00e1stupci, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 matkami, je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho bal\u00ed\u010dku opat\u0159en\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na ochranu d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159ed riziky soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed a um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                    Mezi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 omezen\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed:
                                    \n* * * * Z\u00e1kaz ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 audio \/ video:** poskytovatel\u00e9 softwaru nemohou aktivovat nebo p\u0159istupovat k funkc\u00edm zvuku nebo videa na za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch pro \u00fa\u010dely nesouvisej\u00edc\u00ed se \u0161koln\u00edmi aktivitami.
                                    \n* * * * Z\u00e1kaz pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed geoloka\u010dn\u00edch dat: * * pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f o poloze \u0161koln\u00edm softwarem je zak\u00e1z\u00e1no.<\/p>\n

                                    St\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1stupkyn\u011b June Spickman (D-RI) poznamenala, \u017ee p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dv\u011b t\u0159etiny \u0161koln\u00edch obvod\u016f neomezuj\u00ed schopnost za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vydan\u00fdch \u0161kolou p\u0159istupovat k zvuku a videu a v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 omezen\u00ed pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona m\u00e1 poskytnout “jasnou a d\u016fslednou ochranu”, aby rodiny mohly v\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee soukrom\u00ed jejich d\u011bt\u00ed je chr\u00e1n\u011bno ve \u0161koln\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

                                    Odpor pr\u016fmyslu a obavy<\/h3>\n

                                    Tyto legislativn\u00ed kroky vyvolaly zna\u010dn\u00fd odpor skupin technologick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu a odborn\u00edk\u016f na vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed technologie, kte\u0159\u00ed varuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 restriktivn\u00ed regulace m\u016f\u017ee naru\u0161it u\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

                                    ** Asociace softwarov\u00e9ho a informa\u010dn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu (SIIA)** kritizovala n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona na Rhode Islandu v otev\u0159en\u00e9m dopise a tvrdila, \u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed “p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 omezuj\u00edc\u00ed regula\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed”. Varovali, \u017ee takov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony mohou:
                                    \n* V\u00e1\u017en\u011b naru\u0161it proces u\u010den\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b.
                                    \n* Uvalit obrovsk\u00e9, nefinancovateln\u00e9 administrativn\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na m\u00edstn\u00ed \u0161koly.
                                    \n* Zbavte studenty kritick\u00fdch, na d\u016fkazech podlo\u017een\u00fdch vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi n\u00e1stroji.<\/p>\n

                                    Podobn\u011b Keith Kruger, gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel neziskov\u00e9 organizace Consortium for School Networking, vyj\u00e1d\u0159il v rozhovoru pro NBC News obavy, \u017ee z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci jednaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle, ani\u017e by zv\u00e1\u017eili \u00fapln\u00e9 d\u016fsledky. “Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci maj\u00ed dobr\u00e9 \u00famysly… sp\u011bchaj\u00ed tak rychle, \u017ee nep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed o d\u016fsledc\u00edch,” \u0159ekl Kruger s t\u00edm, \u017ee navrhovan\u00fd n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona “mi v noci ned\u00e1v\u00e1 sp\u00e1t”.<\/p>\n

                                    Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9<\/h3>\n

                                    Tato legislativn\u00ed vlna odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed role technologi\u00ed ve v\u00fdvoji d\u011bt\u00ed. Jak se \u0161koly st\u00e1le v\u00edce spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro u\u010den\u00ed, nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi inovacemi<\/strong> a soukrom\u00edm\/blahobytem student\u016f<\/strong> dosahuje sv\u00e9ho vrcholu.<\/p>\n

                                    Debata vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 kritick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky pro kraje po cel\u00e9 zemi: kdo je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti? Jak vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme v\u00fdhody personalizovan\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na AI s pot\u0159ebou soukrom\u00ed a zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dasu str\u00e1ven\u00e9ho na obrazovce? A mohou st\u00e1ty vytvo\u0159it efektivn\u00ed dohled, ani\u017e by potla\u010dily samotn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje, kter\u00e9 modernizuj\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/p>\n

                                    Jak Vermont, Utah a Rhode Island pokra\u010duj\u00ed, jejich experimenty pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b poslou\u017e\u00ed jako v\u00fdkres-nebo varovn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u2014 pro jin\u00e9 st\u00e1ty bojuj\u00edc\u00ed s budoucnost\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch technologi\u00ed. V\u00fdsledek ur\u010d\u00ed, zda se \u0161koln\u00ed software stane p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b regulovanou slu\u017ebou, nebo z\u016fstane z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti nekontrolovan\u00fdm “divok\u00fdm z\u00e1padem”.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                    Jak rostou obavy z nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho \u010dasu str\u00e1ven\u00e9ho d\u011btmi u obrazovek ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, zaost\u0159uje se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed aktivity rodi\u010d\u016f a pedagog\u016f. Pokud se d\u0159\u00edve \u00fasil\u00ed soust\u0159edilo na z\u00e1kaz osobn\u00edch mobiln\u00edch telefon\u016f, nyn\u00ed p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed nov\u00e1 fronta boje: p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 kontrola softwaru a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyd\u00e1van\u00fdch \u0161kolou. Cel\u00e9 roky \u0161koln\u00ed notebooky a tablety fungovaly v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch prakticky bez kontroly, kter\u00e1 se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7742"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7742"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7742\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}