Chceme v\u011bd\u011bt, jak se na\u0161i vzd\u00e1len\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed st\u011bhovali. <\/p>\n
Chodil spole\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159edek lid\u00ed a lidoop\u016f po kloubech jako \u0161impanzi? Nebo jeho ruka le\u017eela celou plochou na zemi? Debata pokra\u010duje, z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti kv\u016fli nedostatku p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch fosiln\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch z divergence druh\u016f, k n\u00ed\u017e podle odhad\u016f v\u011bdc\u016f do\u0161lo p\u0159ed osmi a\u017e \u0161esti miliony let. <\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e se rodokmen rozd\u011blil, jedna v\u011btev vedla k n\u00e1m (homini jako neandrt\u00e1lci a modern\u00ed lid\u00e9). Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011btev dala vzniknout africk\u00fdm opic\u00edm. V zemi nebyly nalezeny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zkamen\u011bliny poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z tohoto bodu. Alespo\u0148 prozat\u00edm. <\/p>\n
V\u011bdci se proto obracej\u00ed k dochovan\u00fdm poz\u016fstatk\u016fm. Srovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed modern\u00ed prim\u00e1ty \u2013 gorily, orangutany, \u0161impanze \u2013 s v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 fosiliemi vyhynul\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch. <\/p>\n
V\u00fdsledky studie byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny v \u010dasopise Proceedings of the Royal Society B<\/em>. <\/p>\n V\u00fdzkumnice Laura Hunter a jej\u00ed kolegov\u00e9 skenovali tyto kosti. Objevili spole\u010dn\u00e9 rysy struktury z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed mezi lidmi a africk\u00fdmi opicemi. Mezi tyto rysy pat\u0159\u00ed specifick\u00e1 reorganizace kost\u00ed na velk\u00e9 stran\u011b ruky (strana palce). <\/p>\n \u201eNa z\u00e1klad\u011b st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho biomechanick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Hunter, b\u00fdval\u00fd postgradu\u00e1ln\u00ed student na Chicagsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b, \u201eby tyto funkce mohly b\u00fdt prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pro ch\u016fzi na kloubech.\u201c <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Tracy Kivell z Institutu Maxe Plancka ozna\u010dila anal\u00fdzu za vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed pr\u00e1ce se zab\u00fdvala izolovan\u00fdmi kostmi; tato studie pokr\u00fdvala celou architekturu z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed. <\/p>\n Tady je to p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed. <\/p>\n Jestli\u017ee na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 p\u0159ed miliony let p\u0159estali chodit po kloubech a za\u010dali chodit vzp\u0159\u00edmen\u011b, pro\u010d si z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed lid\u00ed zachovalo tyto rysy? <\/p>\n Hunter to vysv\u011btluje jako exaptaci (kdy\u017e se vlastnost vyvinut\u00e1 pro jednu funkci za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvat pro jinou). <\/p>\n Tato vlastnost z\u016fstala zachov\u00e1na ne proto, \u017ee bychom museli ml\u00e1tit p\u011bstmi do zem\u011b. Bylo zachov\u00e1no, proto\u017ee se zjistilo, \u017ee stejn\u00e1 struktura z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 pro manipulaci s p\u0159edm\u011bty. Na v\u00fdrobu n\u00e1stroj\u016f. <\/p>\n Biologick\u00e1 \u0161ance se uk\u00e1zala jako v\u00fdhoda. <\/p>\n Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd kone\u010dn\u00fd verdikt. <\/p>\n Kivell si v\u0161\u00edm\u00e1 omezen\u00ed studie. D\u00edval se jen na z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed. A co nohy? P\u00e1te\u0159? Mo\u017en\u00e1 tyto podobnosti v\u016fbec nesouvis\u00ed s ch\u016fz\u00ed, ale s lezen\u00edm. Nebo je to mo\u017en\u00e1 jen ozv\u011bna obecn\u00e9 biologie bez behavior\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdznamu. <\/p>\n Hunter byl opatrn\u00fd, aby vyslovil n\u00e1zev: sp\u00ed\u0161e klade ot\u00e1zku, ne\u017e hl\u00e1s\u00e1 pravdu. <\/p>\n “Sledovaly evolu\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bny v morfologii z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed modern\u00edch lid\u00ed rysy spojen\u00e9 s ch\u016fz\u00ed na kloubech?” <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Mo\u017en\u00e1 to nikdy nebudeme v\u011bd\u011bt jist\u011b. Fos\u00edlie zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed kosti, ale ne chov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n Kdybychom tak m\u011bli stroj \u010dasu. <\/p>\n Kone\u010dn\u011b bychom je mohli vid\u011bt v akci. Mezit\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed karp\u00e1ln\u00ed kosti tvrdo\u0161\u00edjn\u011b nejednozna\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Z\u00e1hada z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed Chceme v\u011bd\u011bt, jak se na\u0161i vzd\u00e1len\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed st\u011bhovali. Chodil spole\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159edek lid\u00ed a lidoop\u016f po kloubech jako \u0161impanzi? Nebo jeho ruka le\u017eela celou plochou na zemi? Debata pokra\u010duje, z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti kv\u016fli nedostatku p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch fosiln\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch z divergence druh\u016f, k n\u00ed\u017e podle odhad\u016f v\u011bdc\u016f do\u0161lo p\u0159ed osmi a\u017e \u0161esti miliony let. Kdy\u017e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7777,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7778"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7778"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7778\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7778"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7778"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7778"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
Pro\u010d ulo\u017eit n\u00e1stroj?<\/h3>\n
Nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 podrobnosti<\/h3>\n
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