\u010cmel\u00e1ci ne\u017eij\u00ed v monarchii. Alespo\u0148 ne v p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9m slova smyslu. <\/p>\n
Po mnoho let jsme p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee l\u016fno sed\u00ed na tr\u016fnu, zat\u00edmco v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed se p\u0159ed n\u00ed skl\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed. Na prvn\u00ed pohled to tak vypad\u00e1. V kolonii je jeden v\u016fdce. Ale nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee v tr\u016fnn\u00edm s\u00e1le vl\u00e1dne demokracie. Nebo alespo\u0148 meritokracie \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 \u0159adov\u00fdmi \u201evoj\u00e1ky\u201c. <\/p>\n
\u010casopis Insect Biochemistry and Molecular<\/em> ned\u00e1vno zve\u0159ejnil v\u00fdsledky, kter\u00e9 potvrzuj\u00ed konven\u010dn\u00ed moudrost. V\u010dely d\u011blnice nepln\u00ed jen rozkazy. Vyberou si svou kr\u00e1lovnu. <\/p>\n Jak\u00e1 slo\u017eka d\u011bl\u00e1 z\u00e1zraky? Juveniln\u00ed hormon<\/strong>. <\/p>\n Toto nen\u00ed abstraktn\u00ed filozofick\u00fd koncept. Je to doslova chemik\u00e1lie. U hmyzu tento hormon \u0159\u00edd\u00ed r\u016fst a reprodukci. Rozhoduje, zda z\u016fstanete mal\u00ed, nebo se stanete obrovsk\u00fdmi. V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm p\u0159esn\u011b p\u0159i\u0161el na to, jak s n\u00edm \u010dmel\u00e1ci pohybuj\u00ed. <\/p>\n Kdy\u017e v\u011bdci injek\u010dn\u011b podali v\u010del\u00edm d\u011blnic\u00edm juveniln\u00ed hormon, stalo se n\u011bco zaj\u00edmav\u00e9ho. V\u010dely d\u011blnice si to nenechaly pro sebe. Potravou ho p\u0159ed\u00e1vali larv\u00e1m. <\/p>\n \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce hormonu larva sn\u00ed, t\u00edm je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee se stane kr\u00e1lovnou. <\/p>\n T\u00edm se m\u011bn\u00ed mapa v\u010del\u00ed spole\u010dnosti. Jsme zvykl\u00ed si myslet, \u017ee definice kasty je direktiva \u201eshora\u201c, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z mate\u0159\u00ed ka\u0161i\u010dky (nebo jej\u00ed analogie u \u010dmel\u00e1k\u016f). Ve skute\u010dnosti je tento proces decentralizovan\u00fd. O tom, kdo vstane, rozhoduj\u00ed starostliv\u00ed jedinci. <\/p>\n “Proto\u017ee v\u0161echny tyto \u017eeny maj\u00ed stejn\u00fd genetick\u00fd k\u00f3d, je to uk\u00e1zkov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad toho, jak identick\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny d\u00e1vaj\u00ed vzniknout \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fdm \u017eivot\u016fm.” <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n \u2014 Etya Amsalem, entomolo\u017eka na Pensylv\u00e1nsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b a spoluautorka studie<\/p>\n To nejsou jen akademick\u00e9 drby. \u010cmel\u00e1ci opyluj\u00ed na\u0161e plodiny. Schopnost masov\u00e9 produkce kr\u00e1loven pom\u00e1h\u00e1 farm\u00e1\u0159\u016fm. To n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 spravovat populace, ne\u017e se zhrout\u00ed. <\/p>\n D\u011bloha je n\u00e1dr\u017e. Je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. \u017dije d\u00e9le. Ona se mno\u017e\u00ed. V\u010dela d\u011blnice je mal\u00e1, steriln\u00ed a ne\u017eije dlouho. Sd\u00edlej\u00ed DNA. Stejn\u00e9 geny, r\u016fzn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. <\/p>\n Z\u00e1hadou nen\u00ed, \u017ee<\/em> hormony ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed separaci. V\u011bd\u011bli jsme to. Z\u00e1hadou bylo, kdo<\/em> kontroluje d\u00e1vku. <\/p>\n \u201eJedno sami\u010d\u00ed vejce obsahuje pl\u00e1n pro dva \u017eivoty: ob\u0159\u00ed, rozmno\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed se kr\u00e1lovnu nebo malou steriln\u00ed v\u010del\u00ed d\u011blnici,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Seyed Ali Modarress-Hasani. “Museli jsme naj\u00edt, kdo ma\u010dk\u00e1 sp\u00edna\u010d.” <\/p>\n T\u00fdm tedy provedl experiment. T\u0159i v\u010dely d\u011blnice. Skupina larev. D\u00e1vky hormonu byly pod\u00e1v\u00e1ny v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010dasech r\u016fzn\u00fdm jedinc\u016fm. Sledovali pohyb molekuly. <\/p>\n Kdy\u017e vst\u0159\u00edkli hormon p\u0159\u00edmo do larev, kolonie se vzbou\u0159ila. V\u010dely d\u011blnice v\u011bt\u0161inu z nich zabily. P\u0159\u00edm\u00fd z\u00e1sah? \u0160patn\u011b. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed odm\u00edtnut\u00ed. <\/p>\n Kdy zpracovali v\u010dely d\u011blnice? Zpracovali hormon. Sm\u00edchali ho s potravou skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se z nektaru a pylu. Larvy to se\u017eraly. Tloustly. Staly se kr\u00e1lovnami. <\/p>\n V\u0161e z\u00e1vis\u00ed na \u010dase. Hasaniho t\u00fdm zjistil, \u017ee larvy byly citliv\u00e9 pouze sedm\u00fd a osm\u00fd den v\u00fdvoje. Nech\u00e1pe\u0161 tento okam\u017eik? V\u00fdsledkem je v\u010dela d\u011blnice. <\/p>\n Tento mechanismus dokonale zapad\u00e1 do kalend\u00e1\u0159e v\u010del. <\/p>\n Na za\u010d\u00e1tku l\u00e9ta jsou kolonie mal\u00e9. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 reprodukce. V\u010dely d\u011blnice se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na krmen\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fat. S p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm l\u00e9tem se ale situace m\u011bn\u00ed. Star\u00e1 v\u010delstva spou\u0161t\u00ed hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed kask\u00e1du u v\u010del\u00edch d\u011blnic. Jejich vaje\u010dn\u00edky jsou aktivov\u00e1ny. Zvy\u0161uje se hladina juveniln\u00edch hormon\u016f. <\/p>\n V\u010dely d\u011blnice za\u010dnou ml\u00e1\u010fata krmit pastou bohatou na hormony. <\/p>\n “Ka\u017ed\u00e9 v\u010delstvo produkuje na konci sez\u00f3ny mnoho nov\u00fdch kr\u00e1loven. P\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se, p\u0159es zimu hibernuj\u00ed a na ja\u0159e si ka\u017ed\u00e9 zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 nov\u00e9 hn\u00edzdo. Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto kr\u00e1loven je kone\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem v\u010delstva.” <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Je to logick\u00e9. V kv\u011btnu nevychov\u00e1te kr\u00e1lovny. P\u011bstujete je v srpnu, kdy\u017e slunce brzy zapadne. <\/p>\n Nejde jen o z\u00e1chranu v\u010del. Jde o pochopen\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. Jak se tis\u00edce jednotlivc\u016f dohodnou na struktu\u0159e bez v\u016fdce, kter\u00fd by diktoval pravidla? Chemick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly. Na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed. Kolektivn\u00ed volba. <\/p>\n Mo\u017en\u00e1 mus\u00edme p\u0159ehodnotit, jak vn\u00edm\u00e1me dynamiku \u00falu. A mo\u017en\u00e1 i oni sami.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u010cmel\u00e1ci ne\u017eij\u00ed v monarchii. Alespo\u0148 ne v p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9m slova smyslu. Po mnoho let jsme p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee l\u016fno sed\u00ed na tr\u016fnu, zat\u00edmco v\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed se p\u0159ed n\u00ed skl\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed. Na prvn\u00ed pohled to tak vypad\u00e1. V kolonii je jeden v\u016fdce. Ale nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee v tr\u016fnn\u00edm s\u00e1le vl\u00e1dne demokracie. Nebo alespo\u0148 meritokracie \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 \u0159adov\u00fdmi \u201evoj\u00e1ky\u201c. \u010casopis […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7779,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7780"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7780"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7780\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7780"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}V\u0161echno je to o \u0161\u0165\u00e1v\u011b<\/h3>\n
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Na velikosti z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed, ale na hormonech z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed v\u00edc<\/h3>\n
Letn\u00ed rozvrh<\/h3>\n
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