{"id":7816,"date":"2026-05-26T06:58:16","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T03:58:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uachumatskij-shljah-proti-andromedi-galaktichna-katastrofa-ru\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T06:58:16","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T03:58:16","slug":"uk-uachumatskij-shljah-proti-andromedi-galaktichna-katastrofa-ru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uachumatskij-shljah-proti-andromedi-galaktichna-katastrofa-ru\/","title":{"rendered":"Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha vs Andromeda: Galaktick\u00e1 katastrofa?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pamatujete si pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed z HST v roce 2012? V\u011bdci studovali pohyb Andromedy ve vesm\u00edru a byli lehce zpanika\u0159ili. Jejich z\u00e1v\u011br byl tvrd\u00fd. Andromeda let\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo k n\u00e1m. P\u0159\u00edm\u00fd z\u00e1sah. Odhadovan\u00e1 doba je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dty\u0159i miliardy let ode dne\u0161ka. <\/p>\n

Pak se \u00fadaje zm\u011bnily. <\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee se m\u016f\u017eeme \u00fapln\u011b minout. Proces m\u016f\u017ee trvat d\u00e9le. Snad se dal\u0161\u00edch osm miliard let nic nestane. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd konsensus s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm ke gravita\u010dn\u00edmu vlivu satelitn\u00edch galaxi\u00ed je p\u0159esn\u011b 50 procent. Mince na hran\u011b. Hlavy – sraz\u00edme se, ocasy – prolet\u00edme kolem. <\/p>\n

M\u011bli byste sp\u00e1t na gau\u010di, pokud v\u00e1s to obt\u011b\u017euje, i kdy\u017e v\u011bt\u0161inou proto, \u017ee to nen\u00ed v\u016fbec velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m. M\u00e1me osm miliard let na starosti. Ale \u0159ekn\u011bme, \u017ee p\u0159ijmeme nejhor\u0161\u00ed mo\u017en\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 a oni se st\u0159etnou. Mus\u00edm si zabalit kufry? <\/p>\n

Odpov\u011b\u010f je ne. Alespo\u0148 ne v doslovn\u00e9m smyslu. <\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edlivov\u00e9 s\u00edly, ne n\u00e1kladn\u00ed auta<\/h3>\n

Tady je matematika. Ob\u011b galaxie se sr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed rychlost\u00ed asi jeden milion kilometr\u016f za hodinu. Na d\u00e1lnici je to okam\u017eit\u00e1 smrt. Ve vesm\u00edru? Je to pomal\u00e9. Disky t\u011bchto galaxi\u00ed dosahuj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 tis\u00edc sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let. V tomto m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku se \u201esr\u00e1\u017eka\u201c odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu stovek milion\u016f let. D\u016fsledky budou poci\u0165ov\u00e1ny po miliardy let. <\/p>\n

Masy zapojen\u00e9 do procesu jsou absurdn\u00ed. Andromeda v\u00e1\u017e\u00ed 1,5 bilionu slune\u010dn\u00edch hmot. Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha je leh\u010d\u00ed \u2013 asi 800 miliard. Gravitace mezi nimi je obrovsk\u00e1, ale nen\u00ed to jednoduch\u00e1 p\u0159ita\u017elivost. Je to diferencovan\u00e9. <\/p>\n

P\u0159edstavte si dv\u011b galaxie stoj\u00edc\u00ed bokem vedle sebe. Vzd\u00e1lenost mezi nimi je asi 120 tis\u00edc sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let. Hv\u011bzda na stran\u011b obr\u00e1cen\u00e9 k Andromed\u011b za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 silnou gravitaci. Hv\u011bzda na opa\u010dn\u00e9 stran\u011b? C\u00edt\u00ed mnohem men\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ita\u017elivost. Tento rozd\u00edl t\u00e1hne galaxii. <\/p>\n

Nehavaruj\u00ed jako 18tunov\u00e9 kamiony. Galaxie jsou pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd prostor. Jsou to sp\u00ed\u0161e duchov\u00e9. L\u00e9taj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159es sebe. Gravitace je roztrh\u00e1 na dlouh\u00e9 \u00faponky plynu, prachu a hv\u011bzd zvan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edlivov\u00e9 ohony. Je to jako protahov\u00e1n\u00ed taffy v pomal\u00e9m kosmick\u00e9m tanci. Kr\u00e1sn\u00e9, opravdu. Gravitace je pak op\u011bt spoj\u00ed. Znovu a znovu, a\u017e se nakonec spoj\u00ed dohromady. <\/p>\n

Hv\u011bzd\u00e1m chyb\u00ed. Plyn se sraz\u00ed.<\/h3>\n

Mohou se jednotliv\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy navz\u00e1jem srazit? Pravd\u011bpodobnost je d\u011bsiv\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e1. V na\u0161em \u201esousedstv\u00ed\u201c m\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 hv\u011bzda pr\u016fm\u011br asi milion kilometr\u016f. Vzd\u00e1lenost k nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed hv\u011bzd\u011b? Asi \u010dty\u0159i sv\u011bteln\u00e9 roky. To je 40 bilion\u016f kilometr\u016f pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9ho prostoru mezi nimi. <\/p>\n

Zas\u00e1hnout takov\u00fd c\u00edl. <\/p>\n

Hv\u011bzdy v na\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti galaxie se nesraz\u00ed. Galaktick\u00e9 okraje jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 tich\u00e9. Bl\u00ed\u017ee k j\u00e1dru, kde jsou miliony hv\u011bzd nabaleny t\u011bsn\u011b k sob\u011b, se v\u011bci zkomplikuj\u00ed. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke st\u0159et\u016fm. D\u00e1vaj\u00ed vzniknout ud\u00e1lostem, jako je V838 Monocerotis, hv\u011bzdn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd se nafoukl a dramaticky zjasnil pot\u00e9, co pohltil sv\u00e9ho souseda. Hrozn\u00fd. Velkolep\u00e9. Ale pro n\u00e1s je to vz\u00e1cn\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Ale oblaka plynu jsou jin\u00e1 v\u011bc. Rozprost\u00edraj\u00ed se na stovky sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let. Kdy\u017e se galaxie spoj\u00ed, tyto mraky se neust\u00e1le sr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\n

V\u00fdsledn\u00e9 exploze tvorby hv\u011bzd budou tak jasn\u00e9, \u017ee budou schopny vrhnout st\u00edn na novou planetu, pokud do t\u00e9 doby n\u011bjak\u00fd zbude. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

To spou\u0161t\u00ed rychl\u00e9, n\u00e1siln\u00e9 zrozen\u00ed hv\u011bzd. Radiace z t\u011bchto novorozen\u00fdch obr\u016f bude nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1, ano. Ale nep\u0159edb\u00edhejme. <\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m: \u010cern\u00e9 d\u00edry<\/h3>\n

Nejd\u011bsiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na tom nejsou hv\u011bzdy ani plyn. To je to, co je na dn\u011b trycht\u00fd\u0159e. <\/p>\n

Ob\u011b galaxie maj\u00ed supermasivn\u00ed \u010dernou d\u00edru. Sagittarius A v Ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze m\u00e1 hmotnost \u010dty\u0159imilionkr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na\u0161e Slunce. M31<\/em> v Andromed\u011b je je\u0161t\u011b t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed. 140 milion\u016f hmotnost\u00ed Slunce. <\/p>\n

B\u011bhem f\u00faze plyn pad\u00e1 dovnit\u0159. Zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 se. Tvo\u0159\u00ed se akre\u010dn\u00ed disky, z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00ed d\u011bsiv\u00fdm vysokoenergetick\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm. Ob\u011b galaxie se mohou prom\u011bnit v aktivn\u00ed kvasary a vyst\u0159elovat z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ude kolem. To je \u0161patn\u00e9 pro biologii. <\/p>\n

Pak se \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry spoj\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se o n\u011bkolik miliard let pozd\u011bji uprost\u0159ed chaosu kone\u010dn\u011b spoj\u00ed, vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed gravita\u010dn\u00ed vlny. Tyto vlny ponesou tolik energie jako v\u0161echny hv\u011bzdy v pozorovateln\u00e9m vesm\u00edru dohromady. Samotn\u00e1 struktura \u010dasoprostoru se bude chv\u011bt. Nev\u00edme, co to ud\u011bl\u00e1 s m\u00edstn\u00edmi orbitami, ale intuitivn\u011b je \u0161patn\u00fd n\u00e1pad b\u00fdt pobl\u00ed\u017e. <\/p>\n

Ale je tam tenk\u00fd st\u0159\u00edpek sv\u011btla. <\/p>\n

Do t\u00e9 doby prost\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 p\u016fda nebude. <\/p>\n

Ne\u017e doraz\u00ed Andromeda, za osm miliard let, Slunce nabobtn\u00e1 do rud\u00e9ho obra. Uva\u0159\u00ed planetu, odstran\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ru a pak se zhrout\u00ed do mal\u00e9ho b\u00edl\u00e9ho trpasl\u00edka. P\u0159edstaven\u00ed za\u010dne pot\u00e9, co d\u016fm ji\u017e vyho\u0159el. <\/p>\n

Tato akce n\u00e1m bude \u00fapln\u011b chyb\u011bt. \ud83c\udf0c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pamatujete si pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed z HST v roce 2012? V\u011bdci studovali pohyb Andromedy ve vesm\u00edru a byli lehce zpanika\u0159ili. Jejich z\u00e1v\u011br byl tvrd\u00fd. Andromeda let\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo k n\u00e1m. P\u0159\u00edm\u00fd z\u00e1sah. Odhadovan\u00e1 doba je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dty\u0159i miliardy let ode dne\u0161ka. Pak se \u00fadaje zm\u011bnily. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 studie uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee se m\u016f\u017eeme \u00fapln\u011b minout. Proces m\u016f\u017ee trvat d\u00e9le. Snad […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7815,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7816"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7816"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7816\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7816"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7816"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}