{"id":7832,"date":"2026-05-28T05:58:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T02:58:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/uk-uatjazhki-problemi-u-temrjavi-skandal-navkolo-malenkoyi-chervonoyi\/"},"modified":"2026-05-28T05:58:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T02:58:20","slug":"uk-uatjazhki-problemi-u-temrjavi-skandal-navkolo-malenkoyi-chervonoyi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/uk-uatjazhki-problemi-u-temrjavi-skandal-navkolo-malenkoyi-chervonoyi\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 probl\u00e9my ve tm\u011b: skand\u00e1l \u201eLittle Red Dot\u201c."},"content":{"rendered":"

James Webb vid\u011bl v\u00edc ne\u017e jen hv\u011bzdy. Vid\u011bl probl\u00e9m. <\/p>\n

Od spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed JWST v roce 2022 jsme se za\u010dali ohl\u00ed\u017eet d\u00e1le do t\u011bch prvn\u00edch miliard let. To, co jsme vid\u011bli, ale nesplnilo o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed astronom\u016f. Obloha byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b pln\u00e1 mal\u00fdch, z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00edch \u010derven\u00fdch te\u010dek. <\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se jim Little Red Dots<\/strong> nebo LRD. Vypadaj\u00ed jako vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 rud\u00e9 ob\u0159\u00ed hv\u011bzdy. Ale s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed tomu tak nen\u00ed. <\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u011bdc\u016f se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee tyto te\u010dky jsou ve skute\u010dnosti \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry. Ale jak jsou velk\u00e9? Tato ot\u00e1zka vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 mezi astronomy mnoho kontroverz\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\n

“Pokud je v\u0161e napsan\u00e9 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku pravda, pak \u017eijeme v ciz\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b.” \u2014 Jenny Green (Princeton)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Greene nebyl zapojen do v\u00fdzkumu. Ale ch\u00e1pe, co se d\u011bje. V s\u00e1zce je cel\u00e1 \u010dasov\u00e1 osa vesm\u00edru. Opravdu galaxie vznikly d\u0159\u00edve? Vznikl kolem hv\u011bzd. Nebo \u010dekaly \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry na zrozen\u00ed? <\/p>\n

Nebo se tyto \u201emonstra\u201c objevily d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e existovaly galaxie? <\/p>\n

\n

T\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry<\/h3>\n

Nov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek v \u010dasopise Nature<\/em> p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed n\u011bkolik v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed. Auto\u0159i tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jedno z t\u011bchto LRD m\u00e1 hmotnost 50milionkr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e na\u0161e Slunce. <\/p>\n

Je to obrovsk\u00e9. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Byla pou\u017eita nov\u00e1 metoda \u2013 pomoc\u00ed spektroastronomie. M\u011b\u0159ila se zm\u011bna barvy sv\u011btla kolem tohoto bodu. Modr\u00fd n\u00e1dech ukazuje, \u017ee se k n\u00e1m bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edte, a \u010derven\u00fd n\u00e1dech znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se vzdalujeme. To v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed ur\u010dit rychlost. Rychlost odpov\u00edd\u00e1 hmotnosti. Jednoduch\u00e1 fyzika. <\/p>\n

50 milion\u016f hmotnost\u00ed Slunce. Pouh\u00fdch 700 milion\u016f let po velk\u00e9m t\u0159esku. <\/p>\n

Astronomov\u00e9 ztuhli \u00fa\u017easem. Pak se za\u010dali h\u00e1dat. <\/p>\n

Pokud je to pravda, pak standardn\u00ed teorie neplat\u00ed. Podle standardn\u00ed teorie \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry rostou pomalu a spot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed hmotu po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed. Jak lze dos\u00e1hnout takov\u00e9 hmotnosti za tak kr\u00e1tkou dobu? Nemo\u017en\u00e9. Pokud tedy \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra nevznikla z obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed hmoty. <\/p>\n

To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra vznikla d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e galaxie. Mo\u017en\u00e1 jsou to prim\u00e1rn\u00ed formace, kter\u00e9 existovaly od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku vesm\u00edru. <\/p>\n

\n

Kritika<\/h3>\n

Ne v\u0161ichni s t\u011bmito zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edmi souhlas\u00ed. Kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee LRD nejsou oby\u010dejn\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry. <\/p>\n

V\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee tento bod je skryt\u00fd hust\u00fdmi oblaky plynu. Standardn\u00ed metody m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt vhodn\u00e9 pro stanoven\u00ed jeho hmotnosti. Mo\u017en\u00e1 data interpretujeme \u0161patn\u011b. <\/p>\n

M\u00edsto \u201eskryt\u00e9ho monstra\u201c by mohl existovat nov\u00fd typ hv\u011bzdy? <\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se tomu hv\u011bzda \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry<\/strong>. P\u0159edstavte si rud\u00e9ho obra, kter\u00fd z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, ale nem\u00e1 jadernou f\u00fazi. Energie poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze samotn\u00e9 \u010dern\u00e9 d\u00edry, nikoli z hv\u011bzdy. Jde o exotick\u00fd fenom\u00e9n. <\/p>\n

Pokud je to pravda, najdeme nov\u00fd typ objektu. Nezn\u00e1m\u00fd a exotick\u00fd. <\/p>\n

Roberto Maiolino z Cambridge nesouhlas\u00ed. Je spoluautorem \u010dl\u00e1nku Nature<\/em>. V\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee kritici jednodu\u0161e naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed nezn\u00e1m\u00e9 jevy divn\u00fdmi jen proto, \u017ee jejich anal\u00fdza vypad\u00e1 divn\u011b. <\/p>\n

“Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee s LRD vid\u00edme zn\u00e1m\u00fd objekt, ale z neobvykl\u00e9ho \u00fahlu.” <\/p>\n

M\u00e1 pravdu, \u017ee mus\u00edme b\u00fdt opatrn\u00ed. 50 milion\u016f slune\u010dn\u00edch hmotnost\u00ed je v\u00edce ne\u017e cel\u00e1 galaxie. Pokud takov\u00e1 galaxie v\u016fbec existuje. \u010cern\u00e1 d\u00edra bude t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e samotn\u00e1 galaxie. To je zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed. Ale data jsou data. <\/p>\n

\n

Skeptick\u00fd pohled<\/h3>\n

Raphael Hviding Maxe Plancka vid\u00ed rozpory. Pokud je hypot\u00e9za \u010dern\u00e1 d\u00edra-hv\u011bzda spr\u00e1vn\u00e1, pak ji tyto v\u00fdsledky vyvracej\u00ed. \u010cern\u00e1 d\u00edra o hmotnosti 50 milion\u016f slune\u010dn\u00edch hmotnost\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uvnit\u0159 hv\u011bzdy. To povede ke zni\u010den\u00ed samotn\u00e9 hv\u011bzdy. <\/p>\n

Ale vy tomu v\u0161emu v\u011b\u0159\u00edte? Je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 tomu uv\u011b\u0159it. <\/p>\n

M\u00edsto m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 daleko. Technika m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed je riskantn\u00ed. Jsou ale v\u00fdsledky p\u0159esn\u00e9? <\/p>\n

Green si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee je to t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9. \u010cek\u00e1 na potvrzen\u00ed od jin\u00fdch dalekohled\u016f. Debata pokra\u010duje. <\/p>\n

Ignas Juodzbalis, hlavn\u00ed autor \u010dl\u00e1nku, p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee posouv\u00e1 data a\u017e na jejich hranice. <\/p>\n

\u201ePosouv\u00e1me data na maximum,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. <\/p>\n

T\u011b\u0161\u00ed se na dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi v\u00fdzkumu. Evropsk\u00fd Extremely Large Telescope<\/strong> p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed do Chile. Pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed bude m\u00edt dostate\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdkon i rozli\u0161en\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed pozn\u00e1me pravdu. <\/p>\n

Zat\u00edm m\u00e1me tyto body. T\u011b\u017ek\u00fd nebo pr\u00e1zdn\u00fd. Monstr\u00f3zn\u00ed nebo \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9. Jen le\u017e\u00ed ve tm\u011b a \u010dekaj\u00ed na rozhodnut\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Stanou se z nich oby\u010dejn\u00ed ob\u0159i? Nebo z\u016fstanou stejn\u00fdmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi a prastar\u00fdmi tajemstv\u00edmi? <\/p>\n

\u010cas uk\u00e1\u017ee.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

James Webb vid\u011bl v\u00edc ne\u017e jen hv\u011bzdy. Vid\u011bl probl\u00e9m. Od spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed JWST v roce 2022 jsme se za\u010dali ohl\u00ed\u017eet d\u00e1le do t\u011bch prvn\u00edch miliard let. To, co jsme vid\u011bli, ale nesplnilo o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed astronom\u016f. Obloha byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b pln\u00e1 mal\u00fdch, z\u00e1\u0159\u00edc\u00edch \u010derven\u00fdch te\u010dek. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se jim Little Red Dots nebo LRD. Vypadaj\u00ed jako vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 rud\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7831,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7832"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7832"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7832\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7831"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7832"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7832"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7832"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}