M\u00ed\u010d nemus\u00ed let\u011bt rekordn\u00ed rychlost\u00ed. Pot\u0159ebuje jen rychle let\u011bt. <\/p>\n
Thiago Agustin Tirante zahr\u00e1l prvn\u00ed den Wimbledonu 2026 pod\u00e1n\u00ed rychlost\u00ed 148 mph. Je to rozhodn\u011b p\u016fsobiv\u00e9. Ale Giovanni Mpeshiperricard dos\u00e1hl v roce 2025 rychlosti 153 mph, co\u017e je rychlost, kter\u00e1 st\u00e1le pat\u0159\u00ed na vrchol \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku. Tirante prohr\u00e1la. Such\u00e9 sk\u00f3re. Jeho soupe\u0159 trefil t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Jak? <\/p>\n
Ve chv\u00edli, kdy va\u0161e o\u010di zaregistruj\u00ed tenisov\u00fd m\u00ed\u010dek opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed raketu, ji\u017e p\u0159elet\u011bl kurt. P\u0159i rychlosti 150 mph se objekt pohybuje rychleji, ne\u017e jej lidsk\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee sledovat<\/em>. Pokud se budete spol\u00e9hat pouze na reak\u010dn\u00ed dobu, rozhoupnete svou raketu do vzduchu. M\u00ed\u010d p\u0159ilet\u00ed, dopadne na asfalt a vy mrknete. <\/p>\n Tenis nen\u00ed sport reakc\u00ed. Je to sport p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed. <\/p>\n V\u00e1\u0161 mozek je pomal\u00fd. Poka\u017ed\u00e9, kdy\u017e se na n\u011bco pod\u00edv\u00e1te, vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed data \u2013 sv\u011btlo, kter\u00e9 se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed od p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, dopad\u00e1 na s\u00edtnici, p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje se na elektrick\u00e9 impulsy a cestuje pod\u00e9l optick\u00e9ho nervu \u2013 trv\u00e1 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed asi 100 milisekund. Toto je desetina sekundy. V tuto chv\u00edli se m\u00ed\u010d pohybuje n\u011bkolik metr\u016f rychlost\u00ed 148 mil za hodinu. <\/p>\n Pro fanou\u0161ka na tribun\u011b je toto zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed neviditeln\u00e9. V\u00e1\u0161 mozek p\u0159edst\u00edr\u00e1 kontinuitu. Interpoluje mezery a spojuje dohromady hladk\u00fd film ze s\u00e9rie zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f. Zd\u00e1 se v\u00e1m, \u017ee vid\u00edte nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00fd pohyb m\u00ed\u010de. Ale to nen\u00ed pravda. <\/p>\n Sportovci si tuto iluzi nemohou dovolit. <\/p>\n Pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt, kde bude m\u00ed\u010d, kdy\u017e spadne, ne kde byl, kdy\u017e vid\u011bli, jak opou\u0161t\u00ed raketu. Pr\u00e1ce proto za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed kontaktem. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed odp\u00e1len\u00edm m\u00ed\u010de. <\/p>\n P\u0159\u00edjemce z\u00e1silku sleduje. N\u00e1klon trupu nadhazova\u010de. \u0160vihnut\u00ed z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00edm. Elitn\u00ed sportovci tr\u00e1v\u00ed tis\u00edce hodin de\u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto mikrosign\u00e1l\u016f. Jejich mozek nevid\u00ed jen d\u017eb\u00e1n; vid\u00ed, jak se rovnice p\u00ed\u0161e v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. Vypo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed rotaci, trajektorii a rychlost, ne\u017e m\u00ed\u010d projde s\u00edt\u00ed. <\/p>\n “Je to mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fd syst\u00e9m…pro p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed budoucnosti.” <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Hlavn\u00ed postavou t\u00e9to neur\u00e1ln\u00ed kr\u00e1de\u017ee je moze\u010dek. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v zadn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti lebky a obvykle odpov\u00edd\u00e1 za rovnov\u00e1hu a koordinaci. Ale nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum odhaluje tajemstv\u00ed: je to motor p\u0159edpov\u011bdi. Buduje vnit\u0159n\u00ed modely sv\u011bta. Simuluje, co se stane te\u010f<\/em>, a aktualizuje simulaci milisekundu po milisekund\u011b. <\/p>\n Ne\u010dek\u00e1 na povolen\u00ed od v\u011bdom\u00ed. On jedn\u00e1 jako prvn\u00ed. Vysv\u011btl\u00ed pozd\u011bji. <\/p>\n Zat\u00edmco moze\u010dek p\u0159ipravuje t\u011blo, oblast MT ve zrakov\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e registruje pohyb. Vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 rychlost a vektor. Tato data se \u0159\u00edt\u00ed \u201edorz\u00e1ln\u00edm proudem\u201c \u2013 cestou \u201ekam\u201c \u2013 p\u0159\u00edmo do pariet\u00e1ln\u00edho kortexu. Zde se pozice m\u00ed\u010de slou\u010d\u00ed s vlastn\u00ed mapou t\u011bla hr\u00e1\u010de. Tady jsem. Tady je m\u00ed\u010d<\/em>. <\/p>\n Premotorick\u00e1 k\u016fra pak za\u010dne pl\u00e1novat pohyb. Dopl\u0148kov\u00e1 motorick\u00e1 oblast to organizuje sekven\u010dn\u011b. Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed motorick\u00e1 k\u016fra pos\u00edl\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edkazy pa\u017e\u00edm a noh\u00e1m. To v\u0161e se d\u011bje p\u0159ed dopadem. <\/p>\n Mezit\u00edm o\u010di cukaj\u00ed kolem, ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 colliculus superior st\u0159edn\u00edho mozku a p\u0159edn\u00edmi o\u010dn\u00edmi poli. Ned\u00edvaj\u00ed se, kde je<\/em> m\u00ed\u010d. D\u00edvaj\u00ed se tam, kde bude<\/em>. <\/p>\n Bleskurychl\u00e1 reakce? Ne. Jen velmi rychl\u00fd odhad. A velmi dob\u0159e nacvi\u010den\u00fd odhad. <\/p>\n Je to dar genetiky? Nebo jen v\u00fdsledek tvrd\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce? Neurov\u011bdci tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee oboj\u00ed. N\u011bkter\u00e9 mozky jsou ve vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto vnit\u0159n\u00edch model\u016f lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jin\u00e9. Ale v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s by se mohla zlep\u0161it, kdybychom to ud\u011blali dostkr\u00e1t. <\/p>\n Nen\u00ed to jen pro Wimbledon. <\/p>\n Stejn\u00e1 mechanika v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee zachytit klouzaj\u00edc\u00ed hrnek d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se rozbije o dla\u017edici. Odhaduje mezeru v provozu, kdy\u017e p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00edte silnici. Umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0159\u00eddit auto bez nehod. Pokud by mozek nep\u0159edv\u00eddal pohyb, str\u00e1vili bychom cel\u00fd den nar\u00e1\u017een\u00edm do v\u011bc\u00ed a \u010dek\u00e1n\u00edm na senzorickou zp\u011btnou vazbu, abychom dohnali realitu. <\/p>\n Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto prediktivn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed otev\u00edr\u00e1 dve\u0159e za hranice sportu. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tyto znalosti k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed robot\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se nezdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt tak… roboti\u010dt\u00ed. Pom\u00e1haj\u00ed rehabilita\u010dn\u00edm pacient\u016fm obnovit motorick\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy po zran\u011bn\u00ed. Sna\u017e\u00ed se pochopit, pro\u010d doch\u00e1z\u00ed k poruch\u00e1m koordinace. <\/p>\n P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bz Grand Slamu nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed stoper. M\u016f\u017ee to b\u00fdt jen ten, jeho\u017e mozek je nejlep\u0161\u00ed v p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed budoucnosti.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" M\u00ed\u010d nemus\u00ed let\u011bt rekordn\u00ed rychlost\u00ed. Pot\u0159ebuje jen rychle let\u011bt. Thiago Agustin Tirante zahr\u00e1l prvn\u00ed den Wimbledonu 2026 pod\u00e1n\u00ed rychlost\u00ed 148 mph. Je to rozhodn\u011b p\u016fsobiv\u00e9. Ale Giovanni Mpeshiperricard dos\u00e1hl v roce 2025 rychlosti 153 mph, co\u017e je rychlost, kter\u00e1 st\u00e1le pat\u0159\u00ed na vrchol \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku. Tirante prohr\u00e1la. Such\u00e9 sk\u00f3re. Jeho soupe\u0159 trefil t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed. Jak? […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7894"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7894"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7894\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7894"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7894"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7894"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba<\/h3>\n
\n
Uvnit\u0159 p\u0159edpov\u011bdn\u00edho stroje<\/h3>\n
Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h3>\n