Hmyz nem\u00e1 r\u00e1d oce\u00e1n. <\/p>\n
Nen\u00ed to jen preference. To je biologie. Dominantn\u00ed teorie po stalet\u00ed byla jednoduch\u00e1: tlak vody je ni\u010d\u00ed. Ve velk\u00fdch hloubk\u00e1ch tlak pln\u00ed jejich drobn\u00e9 d\u00fdchac\u00ed trubice kapalinou. Zhrout\u00ed se. Konec hry. <\/p>\n
Krom\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f s larvami Chaoborus edulis<\/strong>. <\/p>\n Tito kom\u00e1\u0159i, zn\u00e1m\u00ed ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Africe jako jezern\u00ed mu\u0161ky, poru\u0161uj\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kony. V jeze\u0159e Malawi jich \u017eij\u00ed miliardy. Pot\u00e1p\u00ed se. Hlubok\u00fd. <\/p>\n Tr\u00e1v\u00ed hodiny denn\u00edho sv\u011btla v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 metr\u016f (656 stop) pod povrchem. V noci se objevuj\u00ed, aby se nakrmili. Pak jdou zase dol\u016f. <\/p>\n To je v rozporu se star\u00fdmi pravidly. <\/p>\n D\u0159\u00edve jsme si mysleli, \u017ee tlak je nep\u0159ekonateln\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra. Logika byla nevyvratiteln\u00e1: vzduchov\u00e9 vaky jsou stla\u010deny, pl\u00edce selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k implozi. <\/p>\n Philip Matthews z University of British Columbia se ale rozhodl na tento probl\u00e9m pod\u00edvat podrobn\u011bji. <\/p>\n “Plyn uvnit\u0159 vzduchov\u00e9ho vaku nen\u00ed pod tlakem… To vyvolalo ot\u00e1zku: jak hluboko se m\u016f\u017ee tento hmyz pono\u0159it, ne\u017e jeho sekrety nemohou expandovat proti vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu tlaku?” <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Matthews a jeho t\u00fdm cht\u011bli zn\u00e1t pevnost v tahu. Pomoc\u00ed sonaru sledovali larvy v jeze\u0159e Malawi. D\u00edvali se, jak se pot\u00e1p\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 je um\u00edstili do tlakov\u00fdch komor. <\/p>\n A za\u010dali zvy\u0161ovat tlak. <\/p>\n Tajemstv\u00ed nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve svalech, ale v chemii. <\/p>\n Uvnit\u0159 larev kom\u00e1r\u016f Chaoborus<\/strong> jsou dva p\u00e1ry vzduchov\u00fdch vak\u016f. Nejsou to tvrd\u00e9 sko\u0159\u00e1pky. Jsou flexibiln\u00ed. St\u011bny jsou pota\u017eeny l\u00e1tkou zvanou reselin<\/strong>. <\/p>\n Reseline se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt pasivn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b hmyzu se mu \u010dasto \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u201eguma\u201c. Flexibiln\u00ed. Trval\u00fd. Zde ale aktivn\u011b pracuje. <\/p>\n Larvy m\u011bn\u00ed hladinu pH st\u011bn s\u00e1\u010dk\u016f. Kysel\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed? alkalick\u00e9? T\u00edm se zm\u011bn\u00ed hlasitost. Vak se nafoukne nebo st\u00e1hne. Jedn\u00e1 se o speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201echemicko-mechanick\u00fd\u201c syst\u00e9m. <\/p>\n P\u0159edstavte si to jako biologick\u00e9 m\u011bchy. <\/p>\n “\u00dapravou pH st\u011bn vzduchov\u00fdch vak\u016f zp\u016fsob\u00ed jejich expanzi,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Matthews Popular Science<\/em>. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n To umo\u017e\u0148uje larv\u00e1m kontrolovat jejich vztlak. Pot\u00e1p\u00ed se a plavou. Nejsou pot\u0159eba \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ploutve. <\/p>\n Tady jsou \u010d\u00edsla divn\u00e1. <\/p>\n Larvy se pravideln\u011b pot\u00e1p\u011bj\u00ed do hloubky 200 metr\u016f. Ale jak\u00fd je jejich limit? <\/p>\n V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci to testovali. Jsou vystaveny tlaku odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edmu hloubce p\u0159es 400 metr\u016f<\/strong> (1213 stop). <\/p>\n Neum\u0159eli. <\/p>\n Vzduchov\u00e9 vaky p\u0159e\u017eily. Reselin nepropadl. Larvy odol\u00e1valy tlaku mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu, ne\u017e je pot\u0159eba pro jejich ka\u017edodenn\u00ed \u017eivot. <\/p>\n T\u00edm se v\u0161e m\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n Pokud probl\u00e9m nen\u00ed tlak, tak co to je? <\/p>\n Studie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee star\u00e1 v\u00fdmluva je neplatn\u00e1. Hmyz vydr\u017e\u00ed<\/em> stla\u010den\u00ed. Jejich t\u011bla jsou k tomu p\u0159izp\u016fsobena. <\/p>\n Pro\u010d tedy v Atlantiku nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed kom\u00e1\u0159i? <\/p>\n Odpov\u011b\u010f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jin\u00e1. Slanost? J\u00eddlo? Pred\u00e1to\u0159i? To je zat\u00edm nezn\u00e1m\u00e9. Ale fyzick\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra byla odstran\u011bna. <\/p>\n M\u00e1 to v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b jeden aspekt. <\/p>\n Evan McKenzie, postgradu\u00e1ln\u00ed student a spoluautor studie, vid\u00ed n\u011bco \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9ho. Nevid\u00ed jen chybu, ale in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 mistrovsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo. <\/p>\n \u201eReselin… vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed svou vlastn\u00ed s\u00edlu… zm\u011bnou tvaru a objemu,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 McKenzie. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Nejde jen o chyby. Je to o materi\u00e1lech.<\/p>\n V\u011bdci nyn\u00ed mohou vid\u011bt reseline<\/strong> jako dynamickou l\u00e1tku. N\u011bco, co se m\u011bn\u00ed pod vlivem chemick\u00fdch reakc\u00ed. Programovateln\u00e1 m\u011bkk\u00e1 robotika. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Senzory<\/p>\n Hmyz p\u0159e\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v hloubce. Materi\u00e1l snese testy na na\u0161ich v\u00fdrobn\u00edch link\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n Mysleli jsme si, \u017ee v\u00edme, pro\u010d se hmyz vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 oce\u00e1nu. M\u00fdlili jsme se. Nebo jim alespo\u0148 unikla hlavn\u00ed pointa. Tlak je nezabije. <\/p>\n D\u00edky tomu jsou flexibiln\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Hmyz nem\u00e1 r\u00e1d oce\u00e1n. Nen\u00ed to jen preference. To je biologie. Dominantn\u00ed teorie po stalet\u00ed byla jednoduch\u00e1: tlak vody je ni\u010d\u00ed. Ve velk\u00fdch hloubk\u00e1ch tlak pln\u00ed jejich drobn\u00e9 d\u00fdchac\u00ed trubice kapalinou. Zhrout\u00ed se. Konec hry. Krom\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f s larvami Chaoborus edulis. Tito kom\u00e1\u0159i, zn\u00e1m\u00ed ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Africe jako jezern\u00ed mu\u0161ky, poru\u0161uj\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kony. V jeze\u0159e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7961,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":{"cs":"hmyz-v-hloubce-jak-larvy-chaoborus-prezivaji-v-hloubkach-vice-nez","de":"tiefseeinsekten-wie-chaoborus-larven-1213-fus-unter-wasser-uberleben","en":"deep-sea-insects-how-chaoborus-larvae-survive-1213-feet-underwater","es":"insectos-de-aguas-profundas-como-sobreviven-las-larvas-de-chaoborus","fr":"insectes-des-grands-fonds-comment-les-larves-de-chaoborus-survivent","id":"serangga-laut-dalam-bagaimana-larva-chaoborus-bertahan-hidup-di","it":"insetti-delle-profondita-marine-come-le-larve-di-chaoborus","nl":"diepzee-insecten-hoe-chaoborus-larven-350-meter-onder-water-overleven","pl":"owady-na-glebokosci-jak-larwy-chaoborus-przezywaja-na-glebokosciach","pt":"insetos-do-fundo-do-mar-como-as-larvas-de-chaoborus-sobrevivem-a","ru-ru":"nasekomye-na-glubine-kak-lichinki-chaoborus-vyzhivajut-na-glubine","uk-ua":"komahi-na-glibini-jak-lichinki-chaoborus-vizhivajut-na-glibini-ponad"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7962"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7962"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7962\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7961"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Pro\u010d hmyz ne\u017eije v hlubin\u00e1ch oce\u00e1nu?<\/h3>\n
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Jak larvy kom\u00e1r\u016f ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed vztlak<\/h3>\n
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Jsou vzduchov\u00e9 vaky hmyzu schopny odolat hlubok\u00e9mu tlaku?<\/h3>\n
Jak\u00e9 faktory br\u00e1n\u00ed hmyzu ve vstupu do otev\u0159en\u00fdch vod?<\/h3>\n
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