Jsme zvykl\u00ed pova\u017eovat \u201einformace\u201c za n\u011bco steriln\u00edho. Je to jako voda, kterou m\u016f\u017eete nal\u00edt na pevn\u00fd disk. Pt\u00e1me se, kolik terabajt\u016f pot\u0159ebujeme, a chov\u00e1me se, jako by data byla n\u011bjak\u00e1 \u00e9terick\u00e1 kapalina, kvantifikovateln\u00e1 a bez z\u00e1pachu. <\/p>\n
Ale to nen\u00ed pravda. <\/p>\n
V\u0161echno je mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u0160pinav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. A mnohem lid\u0161t\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsme ochotni p\u0159ipustit. <\/p>\n
Kdy\u017e sly\u0161\u00edme \u201einforma\u010dn\u00ed technologie\u201c, vykouzl\u00ed se n\u00e1m obr\u00e1zky stylov\u00fdch notebook\u016f, QR k\u00f3d\u016f, ChatGPT nebo mo\u017en\u00e1 zapr\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch d\u00e1vn\u00fdch telegrafn\u00edch stroj\u016f. P\u0159edstavujeme polo\u017eky. Auta. P\u0159enosov\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly. Informace je pro n\u00e1s velmi tekut\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, kterou tato za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pohybuj\u00ed. Toto je klinick\u00fd pohled. Pohled, kter\u00fd se vrac\u00ed ke Claudu Shannonovi. <\/p>\n
Shannon, otec modern\u00edho informa\u010dn\u00edho v\u011bku, n\u00e1m dal definici tak p\u0159esnou, \u017ee n\u00e1m to p\u0159ipad\u00e1 jako klec. Ve sv\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku z roku 1948 * \u201eMatematick\u00e1 teorie komunikace\u201c * od\u0159\u00edzl ve\u0161ker\u00fd v\u00fdznam. Pro Shannona informace nebyly to, co<\/em> zpr\u00e1va \u0159\u00edkala. Bylo to, jak spolehliv\u011b dok\u00e1zalo proj\u00edt hlu\u010dn\u00fdm kan\u00e1lem. <\/p>\n Zaj\u00edmala ho entropie. Nejistota. <\/p>\n P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o tom takto: zkuste uhodnout p\u011btip\u00edsmenn\u00e9 slovo tak, \u017ee se budete pt\u00e1t pouze ano nebo ne (nebo si hod\u00edte minc\u00ed). <\/p>\n Vezm\u011bte “XQZJP”. N\u00e1hodn\u00e1 p\u00edsmena. Neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pravidla. K jejich uhodnut\u00ed budete pot\u0159ebovat p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4,7 oto\u010den\u00ed na ka\u017ed\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno. Celkem 23,5kr\u00e1t. Vysok\u00e1 entropie. Vysok\u00e1 cena. Vysok\u00e1 hladina hluku. <\/p>\n Nyn\u00ed zkuste slovo \u201eSV\u011aTLO\u201c. Zn\u00e1te pravidla anglick\u00e9ho jazyka. Pokud slovo za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na \u201el\u201c, dal\u0161\u00ed p\u00edsmeno bude s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed \u201ei\u201c sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e \u201eb\u201c nebo \u201ex\u201c. Nepot\u0159ebujete 23,5 pokusu. 1,5 na dopis sta\u010d\u00ed. Celkem 7,5. N\u00edzk\u00e1 entropie. P\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd. Efektivn\u00ed. <\/p>\n Shannonova genialita spo\u010d\u00edvala v redukci chaosu komunikace na matematiku. Poskytl in\u017een\u00fdr\u016fm n\u00e1stroje k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed, komprese a samotn\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu internetu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd stream, ka\u017ed\u00fd soubor, ka\u017ed\u00e1 textov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, kterou ode\u0161lete, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, \u017ee tato matematika doraz\u00ed neporu\u0161en\u00e1. <\/p>\n Ale t\u00edm, \u017ee se cel\u00fd tento nepo\u0159\u00e1dek omezil na \u010dist\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla, p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh ztratil n\u011bkolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch sc\u00e9n. <\/p>\n Proto\u017ee informa\u010dn\u00ed technologie nikdy nebyly \u010dist\u00e9. Nikdy nebudou takov\u00ed. Jsou visk\u00f3zn\u00ed. Jsou \u0161pinav\u00ed. Jsou biologick\u00e9. <\/p>\n Vezm\u011bte si vyn\u00e1lez pap\u00edru. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mysl\u00edte na buni\u010dinu a stroje. Ale prvn\u00ed \u201emu\u017ei z hadru a kost\u00ed\u201c (sb\u011bra\u010di recyklovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f) prohled\u00e1vali evropsk\u00e1 m\u011bsta p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed surovin. co hledali? \u0160pinav\u00e9 pr\u00e1dlo. <\/p>\n Naskl\u00e1dali \u0161pinav\u00e9, bl\u00e1tem pokryt\u00e9 plachty na voz\u00edky a odvezli je do d\u00edlen na b\u0159ehu \u0159eky. Tam se pr\u00e1dlo h\u00e1zelo do k\u00e1d\u00ed s \u017e\u00edravou ka\u0161ovitou tekutinou. Tuk. Feces. Mo\u010dovina. Vl\u00e1kna. Sm\u011bs fermentovala n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed. D\u011bln\u00edci ho brousili ostr\u00fdmi no\u017ei, a\u017e se z n\u011bj stalo kr\u00e9mov\u00e9 bahno. Pot\u00e9 se nalil do dr\u00e1t\u011bn\u00fdch r\u00e1m\u016f, vylisoval tekutinu a p\u0159idal taven\u00fd \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fd tuk. <\/p>\n Tohle byl ten pap\u00edr. <\/p>\n Vzpome\u0148te si na telegraf. Zastupujeme m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 dr\u00e1ty a stroje. Ale p\u0159edt\u00edm tu byly cesty d\u017eungl\u00ed. D\u0159evorubci pro\u0159ez\u00e1vaj\u00ed hust\u00e9 hou\u0161tiny, aby pok\u00e1celi \u516b\u5341-stopov\u00e9 stromy (v\u00edce ne\u017e 24 metr\u016f). Jejich kmeny prot\u00e9kaly gutaper\u010dou, p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm bioplastem z Malajska.<\/p>\n Tov\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci vzali tuto \u201elesn\u00ed krev\u201c. Velkoryse ji zakryli tkan\u00fdmi, \u0161lachovit\u00fdmi kovov\u00fdmi \u0161\u0148\u016frami. Sto\u010dili je do c\u00edvek, nalo\u017eili je na lod\u011b a polo\u017eili na dno oce\u00e1nu jako ob\u0159\u00ed prodlu\u017eovac\u00ed \u0161\u0148\u016fry pro polokoule. Obrovsk\u00e1 batymetrick\u00e1 pavu\u010dina, pulzuj\u00edc\u00ed elekt\u0159inou, p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy o akci\u00edch a milostn\u00e9 dopisy rychlost\u00ed sv\u011btla. <\/p>\n R\u00e1dio? Za\u010dalo to prac\u00ed horn\u00edk\u016f p\u0159i z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed krystal\u016f v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch hrani\u010d\u00edc\u00edch s otroctv\u00edm. Vylep\u0161eno \u010darod\u011bji s p\u0159esn\u00fdmi pilami. Pot\u00e9 nebesk\u00fdmi \u010darod\u011bji, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ili atmosf\u00e9ru a vypo\u010d\u00edtali, jak odr\u00e1\u017eet hlasy od vrstev oblohy tak, aby se dostaly a\u017e ke krystal\u016fm v ob\u00fdvac\u00edch pokoj\u00edch. <\/p>\n Fonografy? Zrozen ze zkamen\u011bl\u00fdch exkrement\u016f \u0161upin\u00e1\u010de Laccifer lacca. Rozdrcen\u00fd. Zach\u00e1zen\u00ed. Sm\u00edchan\u00fd do \u010dern\u00e9 hmoty schopn\u00e9 dr\u017eet dr\u00e1\u017eky tak slo\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee by Rosettsk\u00e1 deska vypadala jako tapeta. <\/p>\n Vaje\u010dn\u00e9 b\u00edlky. Isinglass. Mouka a voda. Saze ze sv\u00ed\u010dek. Spermaceti. Gumi\u010dky. Kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 klipy. Kostn\u00ed desky. <\/p>\n Kam miz\u00ed hn\u016fj hmyzu, kdy\u017e mluv\u00edme o \u201e\u010dist\u00fdch\u201c informac\u00edch? Jak jsme se p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dili, \u017ee data jsou jen jedni\u010dky a nuly plovouc\u00ed v pr\u00e1zdnot\u011b? <\/p>\n Shannon n\u00e1m poskytl v\u00fdpo\u010det p\u0159evodu. Odpov\u011bd\u011bl na ot\u00e1zku, jak putuj\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy. Ale nezeptal se, jak lid\u00e9 vkl\u00e1daj\u00ed<\/em> informace do formul\u00e1\u0159e. Jak uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1me smysl ze syrov\u00e9ho, lepkav\u00e9ho, podivn\u00e9ho \u017eivota? <\/p>\n Odpov\u011b\u010f je v\u0161ude, kam se pod\u00edv\u00e1\u0161. Ve \u0161p\u00edn\u011b. U hmyzu. V odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch. Informace nejsou steriln\u00ed. <\/p>\n Je na\u017eivu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Jsme zvykl\u00ed pova\u017eovat \u201einformace\u201c za n\u011bco steriln\u00edho. Je to jako voda, kterou m\u016f\u017eete nal\u00edt na pevn\u00fd disk. Pt\u00e1me se, kolik terabajt\u016f pot\u0159ebujeme, a chov\u00e1me se, jako by data byla n\u011bjak\u00e1 \u00e9terick\u00e1 kapalina, kvantifikovateln\u00e1 a bez z\u00e1pachu. Ale to nen\u00ed pravda. V\u0161echno je mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u0160pinav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. A mnohem lid\u0161t\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsme ochotni p\u0159ipustit. Kdy\u017e sly\u0161\u00edme \u201einforma\u010dn\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7971,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":{"cs":"spinava-a-ziva-podstata-toho-co-jsou-informace","de":"die-chaotische-viszerale-wahrheit-daruber-was-information-eigentlich","en":"the-messy-visceral-truth-about-what-information-actually-is","es":"la-verdad-confusa-y-visceral-sobre-lo-que-realmente-es-la-informacion","fr":"la-verite-desordonnee-et-viscerale-sur-ce-que-sont-reellement-les","id":"kebenaran-yang-berantakan-dan-mendalam-tentang-informasi-sebenarnya","it":"la-verita-disordinata-e-viscerale-su-cosa-siano-realmente-le","nl":"de-rommelige-diepgewortelde-waarheid-over-wat-informatie-eigenlijk-is","pl":"brudna-i-zywa-esencja-informacji","pt":"a-verdade-confusa-e-visceral-sobre-o-que-a-informacao-realmente-e","ru-ru":"grjaznaja-i-zhivaja-sut-togo-chto-takoe-informatsija","uk-ua":"brudna-ta-zhiva-sut-togo-scho-take-informatsija"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7972"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7972"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7972\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7971"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7972"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7972"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7972"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}