{"id":7976,"date":"2026-08-05T14:27:12","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T11:27:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/krovotochivi-vodospadi-antarktidi-starodavnye-morske-zhittja-v\/"},"modified":"2026-08-05T14:27:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-05T11:27:12","slug":"krovotochivi-vodospadi-antarktidi-starodavnye-morske-zhittja-v","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/antarcticas-bleeding-falls-staroveky-morsky-zivot-v-izolovanem\/","title":{"rendered":"Antarctica’s Bleeding Falls: Starov\u011bk\u00fd mo\u0159sk\u00fd \u017eivot v izolovan\u00e9m subglaci\u00e1ln\u00edm jeze\u0159e"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vypad\u00e1 to jako r\u00e1na do ledu. Hust\u00fd, rezav\u011b \u010derven\u00fd mrak st\u00e9k\u00e1 po ledovci Taylor a m\u011bn\u00ed sn\u00edh a mo\u0159skou vodu na syt\u011b fialov\u00fd odst\u00edn. N\u00e1zev je zde naprosto doslovn\u00fd: Blood Falls<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

Ne\u010dekejte ale erupci sope\u010dn\u00e9 krve. Je to solanka bohat\u00e1 na \u017eelezo vyt\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed ze zamrzl\u00e9ho podzemn\u00edho jezera, kter\u00e1 p\u0159i styku se vzduchem oxiduje. V\u011bdci si dlouho mysleli, \u017ee toto hypersalinn\u00e9 a toxick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed je mrtv\u00e9. Acelul\u00e1rn\u00ed. Nebiologick\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Andrew Allen, mo\u0159sk\u00fd biolog z Institutu oce\u00e1nografie. Skopsa, nav\u0161t\u00edvil toto m\u00edsto. V\u0161iml si ticha. “Cel\u00e1 krajina je \u00farove\u0148 nedot\u010den\u00e9 divo\u010diny,” \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Bez obratlovc\u016f. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 rostliny. Pouze led. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee tu nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd \u017eivot, dokud se nepod\u00edv\u00e1te bl\u00ed\u017ee. <\/p>\n

Pak najde\u0161 \u017eivot. <\/p>\n

Hled\u00e1n\u00ed eukaryot tam, kde by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt<\/h3>\n

V nov\u00e9 studii publikovan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise Nature Geoscience<\/em> Allen a jeho t\u00fdm hl\u00e1s\u00ed p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd objev: eukaryotick\u00e9 druhy v Blood Falls. <\/p>\n

Eukaryota maj\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 bu\u0148ky s organelami. Nejsou to jen bakterie. Jsou to stavebn\u00ed kameny rostlin, \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f a hub. Jejich nalezen\u00ed v tak drsn\u00e9m a izolovan\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u011bn\u00ed celkov\u00fd obraz. <\/p>\n

V samotn\u00e9m subglaci\u00e1ln\u00edm jeze\u0159e, kter\u00e9 je zdrojem \u010derven\u00e9 barvy, se mikrobi nena\u0161li. Byli v aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm slan\u00e9m n\u00e1levu. <\/p>\n

To vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 obrovskou geologickou ot\u00e1zku. Tyto organismy jsou p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00fdm druh\u016fm. Jsou to \u201evzd\u00e1len\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed\u201c oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00fd oce\u00e1n je v\u0161ak vzd\u00e1len v\u00edce ne\u017e 32 km (20 mil), od\u0159\u00edznut\u00fd kilometry ledovcov\u00e9ho ledu. jak se tam dostali? <\/p>\n

Dva miliony let izolace<\/h3>\n

Vedouc\u00ed teorie to nep\u0159ipisuje v\u011btru, ale \u010dasu. <\/p>\n

Asi p\u0159ed dv\u011bma miliony let, b\u011bhem epochy pleistoc\u00e9nu, se mo\u0159sk\u00e1 voda uv\u011bznila pod ledem, jak ledovec postupoval. Hladina vody klesla. Oce\u00e1n ustoupil. Jezero bylo od\u0159\u00edznuto. <\/p>\n

\u201eMysl\u00edme si, \u017ee toto pravideln\u00e9 uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed soln\u00fdch roztok\u016f vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde mohou mo\u0159\u0161t\u00ed mikrobi p\u0159etrv\u00e1vat,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Allen. <\/p>\n

P\u016fvod je ale konkr\u00e9tn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u011btrem je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9. Mikroby jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 slo\u017eit\u00e9. S nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed tu z\u016fstali. Byli uv\u011bzn\u011bni ve star\u00e9 mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vod\u011b, kter\u00e1 byla poh\u0159bena pod ledem. <\/p>\n

P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o tom. Tyto mikroby p\u0159e\u017eily v naprost\u00e9 izolaci od dob, kdy se Homo erectus<\/em> (chod\u00edc\u00ed mu\u017e) pr\u00e1v\u011b za\u010d\u00ednal vyno\u0159ovat z nejasn\u00e9 evolu\u010dn\u00ed minulosti. <\/p>\n

Jsou to relikvie potopen\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, uchovan\u00e9 v zamrzl\u00e9 hrobce, nyn\u00ed pomalu prosakuj\u00edc\u00ed na povrch. <\/p>\n

\n

Tyto \u663e\u7136 linky maj\u00ed kolem sebe spoustu \u017eeleza. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

(Pozn. p\u0159ekladatele: p\u016fvodn\u00ed cit\u00e1t zn\u00ed \u201eTyto linie maj\u00ed zjevn\u011b kolem sebe spoustu \u017eeleza\u201c, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ironie nebo n\u00e1znak paradoxu. Rusk\u00e1 verze zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdznam p\u0159\u00edtomnosti \u017eeleza, ale fr\u00e1ze je ponech\u00e1na dostate\u010dn\u011b obecn\u00e1, aby odpov\u00eddala stylu).<\/em> <\/p>\n

\u017delezn\u00fd paradox<\/h3>\n

Allenovi st\u00e1le vad\u00ed jeden detail. <\/p>\n

Specifick\u00e9 eukaryotick\u00e9 linie nalezen\u00e9 v Bloody Falls maj\u00ed tendenci prosperovat ve vod\u00e1ch chud\u00fdch na \u017eelezo. Preferuj\u00ed m\u00e1lo v\u00fdnosn\u00e1, oligotrofn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Blood Falls je prav\u00fd opak. Je bohat\u00fd na \u017eelezo. Solanka je z toho neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b hust\u00e1. \u010cerven\u00e1 barva je v podstat\u011b oxid \u017eeleza \u2013 stejn\u00fd jako rez na star\u00e9m aut\u011b. <\/p>\n

Pro\u010d se zde t\u011bmto organism\u016fm citliv\u00fdm na \u017eelezo da\u0159\u00ed?<\/p>\n

\u201eZaj\u00edmalo by n\u00e1s dozv\u011bd\u011bt se v\u00edce o tom, co [oni] d\u011blaj\u00ed s hardwarem,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Allen. <\/p>\n

Nejen p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed. P\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed se. Nebo mo\u017en\u00e1 \u010dekaj\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h3>\n

Studium Blood Falls nen\u00ed jen o klasifikaci podivn\u00fdch mikrob\u016f. Toto je okno do sv\u011bta extr\u00e9mofil\u016f. Ukazuje, jak m\u016f\u017ee \u017eivot z\u016fstat nad vodou, kdy\u017e se sv\u011bt na povrchu zm\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se klima zm\u011bn\u00ed. Kdy\u017e se pohybuj\u00ed ledovce. Kdy\u017e oce\u00e1ny ustupuj\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\u017divot jen tak nezmiz\u00ed. Ona se schov\u00e1v\u00e1. Zahrab\u00e1v\u00e1 se. \u010cek\u00e1 v temn\u00fdch, slan\u00fdch pr\u00e1zdnot\u00e1ch a lp\u00ed na minulosti. <\/p>\n

V\u00edme, \u017ee tyto organismy souvis\u00ed s mo\u0159sk\u00fdm \u017eivotem. V\u00edme, \u017ee jsou prastar\u00e9. Zat\u00edm p\u0159esn\u011b nev\u00edme, jak zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017eelezo, kter\u00e9 by je m\u011blo zab\u00edt. Ale v\u00edme, \u017ee tam jsou. <\/p>\n

Led prask\u00e1. Te\u010de \u010derven\u00e1 voda. A miliony let izolace kone\u010dn\u011b vydechuj\u00ed dech. <\/p>\n

Co je\u0161t\u011b \u010dek\u00e1 dole ve tm\u011b?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vypad\u00e1 to jako r\u00e1na do ledu. Hust\u00fd, rezav\u011b \u010derven\u00fd mrak st\u00e9k\u00e1 po ledovci Taylor a m\u011bn\u00ed sn\u00edh a mo\u0159skou vodu na syt\u011b fialov\u00fd odst\u00edn. N\u00e1zev je zde naprosto doslovn\u00fd: Blood Falls. Ne\u010dekejte ale erupci sope\u010dn\u00e9 krve. Je to solanka bohat\u00e1 na \u017eelezo vyt\u00e9kaj\u00edc\u00ed ze zamrzl\u00e9ho podzemn\u00edho jezera, kter\u00e1 p\u0159i styku se vzduchem oxiduje. V\u011bdci si […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7975,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":{"cs":"antarcticas-bleeding-falls-staroveky-morsky-zivot-v-izolovanem","de":"blood-falls-antarktis-uraltes-meeresleben-in-einem-isolierten","en":"blood-falls-antarctica-ancient-marine-life-in-an-isolated-subglacial","es":"blood-falls-antartida-vida-marina-antigua-en-un-lago-subglacial","fr":"blood-falls-antarctique-vie-marine-ancienne-dans-un-lac-sous-glaciaire","id":"blood-falls-antartika-kehidupan-laut-purba-di-danau-subglasial","it":"blood-falls-antartide-antica-vita-marina-in-un-lago-subglaciale","nl":"blood-falls-antarctica-het-oude-zeeleven-in-een-geisoleerd-subglaciaal","pl":"krwawiace-wodospady-na-antarktydzie-starozytne-zycie-morskie-w","pt":"blood-falls-antartica-antiga-vida-marinha-em-um-lago-subglacial","ru-ru":"krovotochaschie-vodopady-antarktidy-drevnjaja-morskaja-zhizn-v","uk-ua":"krovotochivi-vodospadi-antarktidi-starodavnye-morske-zhittja-v"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7976"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7976"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7976\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7976"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7976"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}