\u0160kolka je v\u00edc ne\u017e jen m\u00edsto, kde se m\u016f\u017eete starat o mal\u00e9 d\u011bti, dokud nejsou p\u0159ipraveny na skute\u010dnou \u0161kolu. Toto je kritick\u00e9 obdob\u00ed ve v\u00fdvoji d\u00edt\u011bte, kter\u00e9 trv\u00e1 od d\u011btstv\u00ed do p\u011bti a\u017e \u0161esti let v\u011bku. B\u011bhem t\u011bchto let tvo\u0159\u00ed mozek nervov\u00e1 spojen\u00ed nezbytn\u00e1 pro jazyk, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed interakci a kognitivn\u00ed funkce. \u0158\u00e1dn\u00e9 dokon\u010den\u00ed t\u00e9to f\u00e1ze je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9, proto\u017ee pokl\u00e1d\u00e1 z\u00e1klad pro ve\u0161ker\u00fd dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdvoj. <\/p>\n
Struktura ran\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed se zna\u010dn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na tom, kde \u017eijete. Pokud ve sv\u00e9m okol\u00ed hled\u00e1te programy pro ran\u00e9 d\u011btstv\u00ed<\/strong>, m\u016f\u017eete narazit na matouc\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jim \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed jesle nebo \u0161kolky. Jin\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed term\u00edny \u201ecentra denn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de\u201c, \u201emate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly\u201c, \u201ekrichi\u201c (jesle) nebo \u201emate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly\u201c (\u0161kolky). N\u00e1zev se m\u011bn\u00ed, ale hlavn\u00ed posl\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stejn\u00e9: poskytovat bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a stimuluj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro mlad\u00e9 mysli. <\/p>\n Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm p\u0159istupujeme k v\u00fduce d\u011bt\u00ed do p\u011bti let, nevznikl z ni\u010deho nic. Bylo formov\u00e1no n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi teoretiky, jejich\u017e my\u0161lenky zn\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch dodnes. <\/p>\n Friedrich Froebel si zaslou\u017e\u00ed sl\u00e1vu tv\u016frce prvn\u00ed systematick\u00e9 teorie ran\u00e9 pedagogiky. Zalo\u017eil koncept mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly zd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eitosti hry jako v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho u\u010debn\u00edho n\u00e1stroje. Froebel v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee d\u011bti se nejl\u00e9pe u\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e jsou aktivn\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky sv\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e pasivn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjemci informac\u00ed. <\/p>\n Maria Montessori tuto my\u0161lenku d\u00e1le rozvinula a navrhla metodu zam\u011b\u0159enou na nez\u00e1vislost. Jej\u00ed u\u010debny jsou koncipov\u00e1ny tak, aby si d\u011bti mohly vybrat aktivity z nab\u00eddky p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup respektuje p\u0159irozenou zv\u00eddavost d\u00edt\u011bte a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed tempo v\u00fdvoje. <\/p>\n Jean Piaget vnesl do t\u011bchto metod psychologick\u00fd z\u00e1klad. Jeho v\u00fdzkum kognitivn\u00edho v\u00fdvoje vysv\u011btlil, jak<\/em> d\u011bti mysl\u00ed v r\u016fzn\u00e9m v\u011bku. Piaget uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee mal\u00e9 d\u011bti nejsou jen \u201emal\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00ed\u201c s men\u0161\u00edmi znalostmi. Vn\u00edmaj\u00ed sv\u011bt jinak. Pochopen\u00ed tohoto rozd\u00edlu pom\u00e1h\u00e1 u\u010ditel\u016fm a rodi\u010d\u016fm upravit sv\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n Ze v\u0161ech dovednost\u00ed vyvinut\u00fdch v t\u011bchto ran\u00fdch letech je rozvoj jazyka \u010dasto hlavn\u00edm z\u00e1jmem pedagog\u016f. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee komunikace je kl\u00ed\u010dem ke v\u0161em ostatn\u00edm typ\u016fm u\u010den\u00ed. Pokud d\u00edt\u011b nedok\u00e1\u017ee porozum\u011bt pokyn\u016fm nebo vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby, m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt probl\u00e9my s rozvojem dal\u0161\u00edch akademick\u00fdch a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch dovednost\u00ed. <\/p>\n U\u010ditel\u00e9 v takov\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed strukturovan\u00e1 poslechov\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed a jazykov\u00e9 hry. Nejsou to n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti. Jedn\u00e1 se o c\u00edlen\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed ur\u010den\u00e1 k roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby, zlep\u0161en\u00ed poslechu s porozum\u011bn\u00edm a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed sebev\u011bdom\u00ed p\u0159i mluven\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt u\u010ditele, jak \u010dtou nahlas, hraj\u00ed fonetick\u00e9 hry nebo podporuj\u00ed komunikaci mezi d\u011btmi. <\/p>\n C\u00edlem nen\u00ed jen nau\u010dit slova. Jedn\u00e1 se o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed nervov\u00fdch drah nezbytn\u00fdch pro komplexn\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed. <\/p>\n Mate\u0159sk\u00e1 \u0161kola je mostem mezi domovem a \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edm syst\u00e9mem. Zav\u00e1d\u00ed strukturu bez tlaku form\u00e1ln\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed. To m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro rodi\u010de zdrojem \u00fazkosti. Mo\u017en\u00e1 se pt\u00e1te, zda je va\u0161e d\u00edt\u011b p\u0159ipraveno. Odpov\u011b\u010f je obvykle ano, za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k podp\u016frn\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n Typy dostupn\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed kulturn\u00ed hodnoty t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se v\u00fdchovy d\u011bt\u00ed. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch m\u00e1 ran\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dist\u011b akademick\u00fd charakter. V jin\u00fdch je zcela soci\u00e1ln\u00ed. Oba p\u0159\u00edstupy maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. Kl\u00ed\u010dem je naj\u00edt program, kter\u00fd vyhovuje temperamentu va\u0161eho d\u00edt\u011bte a pot\u0159eb\u00e1m va\u0161\u00ed rodiny. <\/p>\n Kdy\u017e d\u011bti p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed z t\u011bchto ran\u00fdch let do prim\u00e1rn\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, budou jim dob\u0159e slou\u017eit lekce o spolupr\u00e1ci, zv\u00eddavosti a komunikaci. Zde je polo\u017een z\u00e1klad. Je to chaotick\u00e9. Je hlu\u010dn\u00fd. Je to nutn\u00e9.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0160kolka je v\u00edc ne\u017e jen m\u00edsto, kde se m\u016f\u017eete starat o mal\u00e9 d\u011bti, dokud nejsou p\u0159ipraveny na skute\u010dnou \u0161kolu. Toto je kritick\u00e9 obdob\u00ed ve v\u00fdvoji d\u00edt\u011bte, kter\u00e9 trv\u00e1 od d\u011btstv\u00ed do p\u011bti a\u017e \u0161esti let v\u011bku. B\u011bhem t\u011bchto let tvo\u0159\u00ed mozek nervov\u00e1 spojen\u00ed nezbytn\u00e1 pro jazyk, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed interakci a kognitivn\u00ed funkce. \u0158\u00e1dn\u00e9 dokon\u010den\u00ed t\u00e9to f\u00e1ze […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":{"cs":"proc-predskolni-vzdelavani-utvari-budoucnost-vaseho-ditete","de":"warum-vorschulerziehung-die-zukunft-ihres-kindes-pragt","en":"why-preschool-education-shapes-your-childs-future","es":"por-que-la-educacion-preescolar-moldea-el-futuro-de-su-hijo","fr":"pourquoi-leducation-prescolaire-faconne-lavenir-de-votre-enfant","id":"mengapa-pendidikan-prasekolah-membentuk-masa-depan-anak-anda","it":"perche-listruzione-prescolare-plasma-il-futuro-di-tuo-figlio","nl":"waarom-voorschools-onderwijs-de-toekomst-van-uw-kind-vormgeeft","pl":"dlaczego-edukacja-przedszkolna-ksztaltuje-przyszlosc-twojego-dziecka","pt":"por-que-a-educacao-pre-escolar-molda-o-futuro-do-seu-filho","ru-ru":"pochemu-doshkolnoe-obrazovanie-formiruet-buduschee-vashego-rebenka","uk-ua":"chomu-doshkilna-osvita-formuye-majbutnye-vashoyi-ditini"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8031"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8031"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8031\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8031"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8031"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Architekti modern\u00edho ran\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed<\/h3>\n
Pro\u010d se v\u00fdvoj jazyka dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do pop\u0159ed\u00ed<\/h3>\n
Co bude d\u00e1l?<\/h3>\n