{"id":8072,"date":"2026-08-30T01:19:25","date_gmt":"2026-08-29T22:19:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/jak-pravila-velikih-bukv-viznachajut-vlasni-imena-v-ispanskij-movi\/"},"modified":"2026-08-30T01:19:25","modified_gmt":"2026-08-29T22:19:25","slug":"jak-pravila-velikih-bukv-viznachajut-vlasni-imena-v-ispanskij-movi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/jak-pravidla-pro-psani-velkych-pismen-urcuji-vlastni-jmena-ve\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak pravidla pro psan\u00ed velk\u00fdch p\u00edsmen ur\u010duj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9na ve \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9na. Jedn\u00e1 se o \u0161t\u00edtky, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me k odli\u0161en\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f od z\u00e1stupu identick\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te je ka\u017ed\u00fd den. Mo\u017en\u00e1 jen nep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edte o pravidlech, kter\u00fdmi se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed jejich psan\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Pova\u017eujte sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9no za jedine\u010dn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor. Pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1 osobu, m\u00edsto, zemi nebo dokonce konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159e, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se odli\u0161uje od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 populace. <\/p>\n<p>Vezm\u011bme <em>Mexiko<\/em>. Nen\u00ed to jen slovo pro region. Odkazuje na jeden konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed n\u00e1rod. Pomoc\u00ed n\u011bj odli\u0161\u00edte tuto zemi od v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch na map\u011b. <em>Mar\u00eda<\/em> je dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem. Neplat\u00ed to v\u016fbec pro \u017e\u00e1dnou \u017eenu. Identifikuje jednu konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osobu. <\/p>\n<p>\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se jim tak\u00e9 <strong>nombres propios<\/strong>. Pravidlo je jednoduch\u00e9. V\u017edy je za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1te velk\u00fdm p\u00edsmenem. <\/p>\n<p><em>Asie<\/em>.<br>\n<em>Diego<\/em>. <\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imli jste si vzoru? Velk\u00e1 p\u00edsmena ozna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1zev je jedine\u010dn\u00fd. Stoj\u00ed odd\u011blen\u011b. <\/p>\n<p>Ale pravidla jsou zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e se n\u00e1zvy skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z n\u011bkolika slov. Mo\u017en\u00e1 si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo by m\u011blo b\u00fdt velk\u00e9. Vlastn\u011b ne. <\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy p\u00ed\u0161ete velk\u00fdmi p\u00edsmeny. Slova, kter\u00e1 nesou hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e jm\u00e9na. <\/p>\n<p><em>Los Angeles<\/em>.<br>\n<em>Buenos Aires<\/em>.<br>\n<em>Nov\u00fd York<\/em>. <\/p>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00e9 z t\u011bchto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch slov za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 velk\u00fdm p\u00edsmenem. A co spojov\u00e1n\u00ed slov? Ty, kter\u00e9 jen spojuj\u00ed prvky dohromady? <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159edlo\u017eky a \u010dleny se p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed s mal\u00fdm p\u00edsmenem. Nep\u0159itahuj\u00ed na sebe p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozornosti. <\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edvejte se na <em>R\u00edo de Janeiro<\/em>. <em>R\u00edo<\/em> je velk\u00e9, proto\u017ee je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed hlavn\u00edho jm\u00e9na. <em>de<\/em> z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 s mal\u00fdm p\u00edsmenem. To je v\u00fdmluva. Jednodu\u0161e spojuje <em>R\u00edo<\/em> s <em>Janeiro<\/em>. <\/p>\n<p>Tot\u00e9\u017e s <em>Ciudad de M\u00e9xico<\/em>. <em>Ciudad<\/em> a <em>M\u00e9xico<\/em> jsou velk\u00e1. <em>de<\/em> z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 mal\u00fdmi p\u00edsmeny. <\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9? Proto\u017ee konzistence vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jasnost. Kdy\u017e se budete \u0159\u00eddit t\u011bmito pravidly, va\u0161e psan\u00ed bude srozumiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u010cten\u00e1\u0159i okam\u017eit\u011b pochop\u00ed, \u017ee mluv\u00edte o konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm objektu. A ne o obecn\u00e9m konceptu. <\/p>\n<p>Pokud se spletete, n\u00e1zev ztrat\u00ed na v\u00fdraznosti. Bude to vypadat nedbale. Budete tak p\u016fsobit dojmem, \u017ee v\u00e1m na rozd\u00edlu nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Ve \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b je toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b regulov\u00e1no. Nem\u016f\u017eete napsat <em>rio de janeiro<\/em> a o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee bude spr\u00e1vn\u011b interpretov\u00e1no. T\u00edm se vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9no zm\u011bn\u00ed na obecn\u00fd popis. \u0158eka v lednu. T\u00edm se zcela m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. <\/p>\n<p>Udr\u017eujte tedy velk\u00e1 p\u00edsmena tam, kam pat\u0159\u00ed. Tam, kde to gramatika vy\u017eaduje, pou\u017e\u00edvejte mal\u00e1 p\u00edsmena. <\/p>\n<p>To je mal\u00fd detail. Je ale z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, jak bude v\u00e1\u0161 text p\u0159ijat. <\/p>\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 se div\u00edte, pro\u010d se n\u011bkter\u00e1 jm\u00e9na zdaj\u00ed nepravideln\u00e1. <em>Los<\/em> v <em>Los \u00c1ngeles<\/em> je velk\u00e9. Nen\u00ed <em>los<\/em> \u010dl\u00e1nek? <\/p>\n<p>Ano. Ale v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho n\u00e1zvu m\u011bsta. Nefunguje jako obecn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek. Toto je v\u00fdznamn\u00fd term\u00edn. Kontext ur\u010duje velikost p\u00edsmen. <\/p>\n<p>Tady je pot\u0159eba b\u00fdt opatrn\u00fd. Neu\u010dte se jen seznam zpam\u011bti. Pochopte logiku. <\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy jsou velk\u00e9. Spojovac\u00ed prvky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed s mal\u00fdmi p\u00edsmeny. <\/p>\n<p>To je j\u00e1dro v\u011bci. <\/p>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed to ud\u011bl\u00e1 \u0161patn\u011b hned p\u0159i prvn\u00edm pokusu. V <em>Ciudad de M\u00e9xico<\/em> pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed velk\u00e1 p\u00edsmena <em>De<\/em>. V <em>M\u00e9xiku a Kolumbii<\/em> pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed velk\u00e1 p\u00edsmena <em>Y<\/em>. <\/p>\n<p>Nebu\u010fte v\u011bt\u0161ina. <\/p>\n<p>Zkontrolujte si gramatiku. Je to v\u00fdmluva? \u010cl\u00e1nek? Unie? Li<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/2893b2b5d6044dffb034adff1ccbfdf7.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<h3>Jak klasifikovat vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9na podle typu<\/h3>\n<p>Vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9na nejsou jen slova s velk\u00fdmi p\u00edsmeny. Jedn\u00e1 se o specifick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00edtky, kter\u00e9 odli\u0161uj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 identity od obecn\u00fdch kategori\u00ed. Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm jsou klasifikov\u00e1ny, zcela z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, na co ukazuj\u00ed. Pokud ozna\u010dujete podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, mus\u00edte v\u011bd\u011bt, do kter\u00e9 kategorie spad\u00e1. <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed kategorie jsou antroponyma, toponyma a zoonyma. <\/p>\n<p>Antroponyma pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 jm\u00e9na. To zahrnuje k\u0159estn\u00ed jm\u00e9na, p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed a dokonce i p\u0159ezd\u00edvky. Pokud p\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze jm\u00e9na otce, jde o patronymii. Vezmeme <em>Mart\u00edna<\/em>. Odvozen\u00fd tvar je <em>Mart\u00ednez<\/em>. <\/p>\n<p>N\u00e1zvy m\u00edst pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed m\u00edsta. M\u011bsta. st\u00e1t\u016f. Oce\u00e1ny. Pokud na map\u011b existuje, je to pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b n\u00e1zev m\u00edsta. <\/p>\n<p>Zoonyma zahrnuj\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Opravdov\u00e9. Smy\u0161len\u00fd. Pokud m\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159e konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed jm\u00e9no, jedn\u00e1 se o zoonymum. <\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edklady antroponym<\/h3>\n<p>Antroponyma slou\u017e\u00ed jednomu \u00fa\u010delu: diferenciaci. D\u00edky nim vy\u010dn\u00edv\u00e1 jedna osoba z davu. Ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1\u0161 v\u0161em <em>Juan<\/em>. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1\u0161 mu <em>Juan<\/em>. <\/p>\n<p>I zde plat\u00ed p\u0159ezd\u00edvky. Ale existuje pravidlo. Pokud pou\u017eijete \u010dl\u00e1nek s p\u0159ezd\u00edvkou, z\u016fstane mal\u00e1. <\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se na tyto p\u00e1ry. <\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159\u00edjmen\u00ed a jm\u00e9na<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>Fernandez \u2013 Ana<br>\nZambrano \u2013 Catallina<br>\nQuispe \u2013 Lorena<br>\nSoto \u2013 Andres<br>\nRosario \u2013 Enrique<br>\nAribas \u2013 Leopoldo<br>\nMartinez \u2013 Diego<br>\nVasquez \u2013 F\u00e1tima<br>\nRojas \u2013 Antonio<br>\nMorales \u2013 Leonor<br>\nGarcia \u2013 Sylvia<br>\nLopez \u2013 Herman<br>\nAlvarez \u2013 Kevin<br>\nOrellana \u2013 Gabriel<br>\nHernandez \u2013 Eugenio<br>\nRoberto \u2013 Martinez<br>\nValent\u00fdna \u2013 Leonardo<br>\nFlores \u2013 Sylvia<br>\nGonzalez \u2013 Kevin<br>\nOrellana \u2013 Gabriel<br>\nHernandez \u2013 Eugenio<\/p>\n<p><strong>P\u0159ezd\u00edvky s \u010dl\u00e1nky<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>el &#8220;Cebolla&#8221;<br>\nel &#8220;Loco&#8221; Guti\u00e9rrez<br>\nel &#8220;Kun&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Funguj\u00ed jako vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9na. Identifikuj\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed lidi. Ale gramatika se m\u011bn\u00ed. \u010cl\u00e1nek nen\u00ed ps\u00e1n s velk\u00fdm p\u00edsmenem. P\u0159ezd\u00edvka \u2013 hl\u00e1skovan\u00e1. <\/p>\n<h3>Toponyma: Zem\u011b, regiony a m\u011bsta<\/h3>\n<p>Geografie vy\u017eaduje specifi\u010dnost. <em>Zem\u011b<\/em> je b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no. <em>Mexiko<\/em> je vlastn\u00ed podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no. <\/p>\n<p>Mapy jsou politick\u00e9 entity. Spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na tato jm\u00e9na p\u0159i definov\u00e1n\u00ed hranic. <\/p>\n<p>Zde je uk\u00e1zka n\u00e1zv\u016f m\u00edst nalezen\u00fdch na politick\u00fdch map\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n<p>Montevideo<br>\nVenezuela<br>\nIrsko<br>\nSevilla<br>\nOce\u00e1nie<br>\nSpojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9<br>\n\u0158ecko<br>\nLas Vegas<br>\nArgentina<br>\nEl Salvador<br>\nSpojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed<br>\nJaponsko<br>\nMexico City<br>\nKongo<br>\nManagua<br>\nIt\u00e1lie<br>\nSan Salvador<br>\nNairobi<br>\nLa Paz<br>\nAth\u00e9ny<br>\nQuito<br>\nPolsko<br>\nMadrid<br>\nKuba<br>\nBerl\u00edn<br>\n\u0160pan\u011blsko<br>\nNov\u00fd Z\u00e9land<br>\nMexiko<br>\nTokio<br>\n\u0158\u00edm<br>\nIndie<br>\nAl\u017e\u00edrsko<br>\nPeru<br>\nZambie<br>\nDublin<br>\nLond\u00fdn<br>\nNeapol<br>\nPeking<br>\nAustr\u00e1lie<br>\nKastilie<br>\nBuenos Aires<br>\nCaracas<br>\nLuanda<br>\nRio de Janeiro<br>\nTurecko<br>\nTripolis<br>\n\u0160v\u00fdcarsko<br>\nMaracaibo<br>\nNorsko<br>\nAsie<br>\nDallas<br>\nEvrop\u011b<br>\nBraz\u00edlie<br>\nK\u00e1hira<br>\nKolumbie<br>\nNov\u00e9 Dill\u00ed<br>\nUruguay<br>\nPortugalsko<br>\nCanberra<br>\nBogota<br>\nNig\u00e9rie<br>\n\u010c\u00edna<br>\nLombardie<br>\nSan Jose<br>\nPa\u0159\u00ed\u017e<br>\nHonduras<br>\nMoskva<br>\nHavana<br>\nHaag<br>\nIzrael<br>\nN\u011bmecko<br>\nJamajka<br>\nFrancie<br>\nBol\u00edvie<br>\nAfrice<br>\nNikaragua<br>\nV\u00edde\u0148<br>\nAmerice<br>\nMaroko<br>\nNew York<br>\nGazkon<br>\nKanada<br>\nLima<br>\nKostarika<br>\nValparaiso<br>\nLisabonu<br>\nCordoba<br>\nChiapas<br>\nJalisco<br>\nChile<\/p>\n<p>Seznam je dlouh\u00fd. Funkce je stejn\u00e1. Ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1zev ozna\u010duje jedno m\u00edsto. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 jin\u00e9 m\u00edsto nem\u00e1 tento p\u0159esn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor. <\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rysy a topografie<\/h3>\n<p>Toponyma tak\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed rysy. \u0158eky. Poho\u0159\u00ed. Mo\u0159e. jezera. <\/p>\n<p>Tato jm\u00e9na nejsou um\u011bl\u00fdmi hranicemi. To jsou fyzick\u00e9 reality.<\/p>\n<p>Viktorie<br>\nHimal\u00e1je<br>\nSopka Tacana<br>\nCitlatepetl<br>\nOrinoko<br>\nMount Stanley<br>\nJezero Albert<br>\nAtlantik<br>\nPyreneje<br>\nAndes<br>\nDunaj<br>\nSt\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed<br>\nTeide<br>\nEverest<br>\nAtlas<br>\nIncahuasi<br>\nTanganika<br>\nSierra Madre<br>\nNeil<br>\nCerro Mercedario<br>\nKilimand\u017e\u00e1ro<br>\nApeniny<br>\nCaldera de Taburente<br>\nMrtv\u00e9 mo\u0159e<br>\nVodop\u00e1d Gokta<br>\nLa Condonia<br>\nHorn\u00ed jezero<br>\nFid\u017ei<br>\n\u017dlut\u00e1 \u0159eka<br>\nindick\u00fd<br>\nTiticaca<br>\nMaledivy<br>\nEtna<br>\nMississippi<br>\nAconcagua<br>\nMont Blanc<br>\nAlpy<br>\nAmazonsk\u00e1 d\u017eungle<br>\nAneto<br>\nSeychely<br>\nNiagarsk\u00e9 vodop\u00e1dy<br>\nTicho<br>\nUral<br>\nNahuel Huapi<br>\nGangy<\/p>\n<p>Identifikace t\u011bchto objekt\u016f vy\u017eaduje znalost typu prvku. Jezero nen\u00ed hora. Ale oboj\u00ed jsou toponyma. Oba vy\u017eaduj\u00ed velk\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno. Oba odkazuj\u00ed na jeden objekt v t\u00e9to kategorii. <\/p>\n<h3>Zoonyma a n\u00e1zvy zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/h3>\n<p>Zv\u00ed\u0159ata tak\u00e9 dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed jm\u00e9na. Zoonyma zahrnuj\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Divok\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Postavy z literatury nebo filmu. <\/p>\n<p>Lajka<br>\nRocinante<br>\npodn\u011bcovat<br>\nBabieka<br>\nPalomo<br>\nBobby<br>\nToby<br>\nCher Ami<br>\nDolly<br>\nWillie<br>\nCopito de Nieve<br>\nCoco<br>\nSimba<br>\nZlato<br>\nMufasa<\/p>\n<p><em>Laika<\/em> byl pes. <em>Rocinante<\/em> byl k\u016f\u0148. <em>Babe<\/em> je prase. Na zdroji nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Na funkci z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Jm\u00e9no identifikuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed osobu. <\/p>\n<h3>Vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9na v kontextu<\/h3>\n<p>Teorie je such\u00e1. V\u011bty je o\u017eivuj\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edvejte se, jak se tato slova chovaj\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m textu. <\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Marisa<\/strong> zmapovala cestu p\u0159es <strong>Francii<\/strong> : <strong>Marseille<\/strong>, <strong>N\u00eemes<\/strong>, <strong>Montpellier<\/strong>&#8230;<br>\n<strong>2. Laika<\/strong> byl pes vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu Sov\u011bty.<br>\n<strong>3. Frida Kahlo<\/strong> je kulturn\u00ed ikonou v <strong>Mexiku<\/strong> a po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<br>\n<strong>4. Hiram Bingham<\/strong> objevil <strong>Machu Picchu<\/strong> na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed.<br>\n<strong>5. Zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed zni\u010dilo ostrov Santorini<\/strong> v <strong>Egejsk\u00e9m<\/strong> mo\u0159i.<br>\n<strong>6. Bellerophon<\/strong> jel na legend\u00e1rn\u00edm <strong>Pegasu<\/strong>.<br>\n<strong>7. Peru<\/strong> je domovem n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nejlep\u0161\u00edch restaurac\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b.<br>\n<strong>8. M\u016f\u017eete vz\u00edt <\/strong> Cookie<strong> k veterin\u00e1\u0159i?<\/strong><br>\n<strong>9. B\u011bhem na\u0161eho pobytu v <\/strong> Kolumbii<strong> jsme nav\u0161t\u00edvili <\/strong> Bogotu<strong> a <\/strong> Medellin<strong>.<\/strong><br>\n<strong>10. P\u0159edstavte si, jak vypadal <\/strong> Egypt<strong> p\u0159ed tis\u00edci lety s lod\u011bmi na <\/strong> Nilu<strong>.<\/strong><br>\n<strong>11. Jeho obl\u00edben\u00e1 fiktivn\u00ed postava je <\/strong> Luke Skywalker<strong>.<\/strong><br>\n<strong>12. Projel <\/strong> La Pampou<strong> na sv\u00e9m koni <\/strong> Furies<strong>.<\/strong><br>\n<strong>13. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci zalo\u017eili novou z\u00e1kladnu v <\/strong> Gr\u00f3nsku<strong>.<\/strong><br>\n<strong>14. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed <\/strong> Indick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu<strong> se v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch letech zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed.<\/strong><br>\n<strong>15. Vydali se na safari mezi <\/strong> Tanzani\u00ed<strong> a <\/strong> Keni\u00ed<strong>.<\/strong><br>\n<strong>16. S p\u00e1r p\u0159\u00e1teli vylezl na <\/strong> Kilimand\u017e\u00e1ro<strong> a vid\u011bl trochu sn\u011bhu.<\/strong><br>\n<strong>17. Pan\u00ed <\/strong> Hernandez<strong> pr\u00e1v\u011b ve\u0161la na recepci.<\/strong><br>\n<strong>18. <\/strong> Teddy Bear<strong> je hv\u011bzda zoo.<\/strong><br>\n<strong>19. Sotva si u\u017eil <\/strong> Ben\u00e1tky<strong>, proto\u017ee <\/strong> Sv. Markovo n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed<strong> bylo zaplaveno.<\/strong><br>\n<strong>20. P\u0159ilet\u011bli na <\/strong> Filip\u00edny<strong> a setkali se na leti\u0161ti <\/strong> Manila<strong>.<\/strong> <\/p>\n<p>V\u0161imn\u011bte si vzoru. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo s velk\u00fdm p\u00edsmenem je zde specifick\u00fdm identifik\u00e1torem. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 obecn\u00e9 pojmy. <\/p>\n<h3>Vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9na versus b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na<\/h3>\n<p>Rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v identit\u011b. <\/p>\n<p>Vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9na identifikuj\u00ed jeden prvek z mnoha. <em>Juan<\/em> vynik\u00e1. Je jin\u00fd ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed studenti. Ostatn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i. Ostatn\u00ed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9na. Jedn\u00e1 se o \u0161t\u00edtky, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me k odli\u0161en\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f od z\u00e1stupu identick\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te je ka\u017ed\u00fd den. Mo\u017en\u00e1 jen nep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00edte o pravidlech, kter\u00fdmi se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed jejich psan\u00ed. Pova\u017eujte sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed jm\u00e9no za jedine\u010dn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor. Pojmenov\u00e1v\u00e1 osobu, m\u00edsto, zemi nebo dokonce konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159e, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se odli\u0161uje od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 populace. Vezm\u011bme Mexiko. Nen\u00ed to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8060,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":{"cs":"jak-pravidla-pro-psani-velkych-pismen-urcuji-vlastni-jmena-ve","de":"wie-gros-kleinschreibungsregeln-eigennamen-im-spanischen-definieren","en":"how-capitalization-rules-define-proper-nouns-in-spanish","es":"como-las-reglas-de-capitalizacion-definen-los-nombres-propios-en","fr":"comment-les-regles-de-capitalisation-definissent-les-noms-propres-en","id":"bagaimana-aturan-kapitalisasi-mendefinisikan-kata-benda-yang-tepat","it":"come-le-regole-di-capitalizzazione-definiscono-i-nomi-propri-in","nl":"hoe-regels-voor-hoofdlettergebruik-eigennamen-in-het-spaans-definieren","pl":"jak-zasady-dotyczace-wielkich-liter-okreslaja-nazwy-wlasne-w-jezyku","pt":"como-as-regras-de-capitalizacao-definem-nomes-proprios-em-espanhol","ru-ru":"kak-pravila-zaglavnyh-bukv-opredeljajut-sobstvennye-imena-v","uk-ua":"jak-pravila-velikih-bukv-viznachajut-vlasni-imena-v-ispanskij-movi"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8072"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8072"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8072\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8060"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8072"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8072"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}