{"id":8079,"date":"2026-08-30T03:51:04","date_gmt":"2026-08-30T00:51:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/rozuminnja-prjamokutnikiv-osnovi-geometriyi-dlja-studentiv\/"},"modified":"2026-08-30T03:51:04","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T00:51:04","slug":"rozuminnja-prjamokutnikiv-osnovi-geometriyi-dlja-studentiv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/pochopeni-obdelniku-zaklady-geometrie-pro-studenty\/","title":{"rendered":"Pochopen\u00ed obd\u00e9ln\u00edk\u016f: Z\u00e1klady geometrie pro studenty"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Obd\u00e9ln\u00edk je specifick\u00fd typ ploch\u00e9ho geometrick\u00e9ho obrazce. Pat\u0159\u00ed do rodiny \u010dty\u0159\u00faheln\u00edk\u016f a rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00edk\u016f. Tato uzav\u0159en\u00e1 postava m\u00e1 dva p\u00e1ry protilehl\u00fdch stran, stejn\u011b dlouh\u00e9. Vyzna\u010duje se tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed \u010dty\u0159 prav\u00fdch \u00fahl\u016f. <\/p>\n<p>Rozm\u011bry obd\u00e9ln\u00edku se mohou li\u0161it. Nikdy nem\u00e1 v\u0161echny \u010dty\u0159i strany stejn\u00e9. Jinak by to byl \u010dtverec. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou vlastnost\u00ed je, \u017ee jeden p\u00e1r stran je del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e druh\u00fd p\u00e1r. Vznikne tak podlouhl\u00fd tvar. Protahuje se jedn\u00edm sm\u011brem. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt horizont\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed. <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Obd\u00e9ln\u00edk je definov\u00e1n sv\u00fdmi prav\u00fdmi \u00fahly a nestejn\u00fdmi protilehl\u00fdmi stranami. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Studenti si \u010dasto pletou \u010dtverce a obd\u00e9ln\u00edky. \u010ctverec je obd\u00e9ln\u00edk se stejn\u00fdmi stranami. Prav\u00fd obd\u00e9ln\u00edk m\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky a \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky. Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v hodin\u00e1ch geometrie. Pom\u00e1h\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v praktick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o dve\u0159\u00edch. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o knize. Jedn\u00e1 se o obd\u00e9ln\u00edky. <\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9? Znalost vlastnost\u00ed obd\u00e9ln\u00edku pom\u00e1h\u00e1 vypo\u010d\u00edtat plochu a obvod. Pot\u0159ebujete d\u00e9lku obou p\u00e1r\u016f stran. Jeden p\u00e1r je del\u0161\u00ed. Ten druh\u00fd je krat\u0161\u00ed. Chcete-li naj\u00edt oblast, vyn\u00e1sobte d\u00e9lku \u0161\u00ed\u0159kou. Chcete-li zjistit obvod, se\u010dt\u011bte d\u00e9lky v\u0161ech stran. Je to jednoduch\u00e1 matematika. <\/p>\n<p>Vizualizace postavy je prvn\u00edm krokem. P\u0159edstavte si r\u00e1m. M\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i rohy. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fahel je 90 stup\u0148\u016f. Opa\u010dn\u00e9 strany jsou rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00e9. Nikdy se nek\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed. Tento design je stabiln\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ve stavebnictv\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v designu. <\/p>\n<p>Lid\u00e9 usiluj\u00edc\u00ed o celo\u017eivotn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed by si tuto z\u00e1kladn\u00ed definici m\u011bli pamatovat. Je to z\u00e1klad pro slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed postavy. Kruhy jsou studov\u00e1ny pozd\u011bji. N\u00e1sleduj\u00ed troj\u00faheln\u00edky. Ale obd\u00e9ln\u00edky jsou v\u0161ude. Za\u010dn\u011bte se z\u00e1klady. Nau\u010dte se jednoduch\u00e1 pravidla. Pot\u00e9 p\u0159ejd\u011bte na dal\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Prot\u00e1hl\u00fd tvar umo\u017e\u0148uje efektivn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed prostoru. Je um\u00edst\u011bn na st\u011bn\u00e1ch. Hod\u00ed se na podlahu. Hod\u00ed se na obrazovky. Orientace nem\u011bn\u00ed jeho vlastnosti. Obd\u00e9ln\u00edk v orientaci na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku je st\u00e1le obd\u00e9ln\u00edk. Obd\u00e9ln\u00edk v orientaci na v\u00fd\u0161ku je stejn\u00fd obr\u00e1zek. Pr\u00e1v\u011b se oto\u010dil. <\/p>\n<p>Nechte to jednoduch\u00e9. Dva p\u00e1ry stejn\u00fdch stran. \u010cty\u0159i prav\u00e9 \u00fahly. Jeden p\u00e1r je del\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e druh\u00fd. To je v\u0161e, co zat\u00edm pot\u0159ebujete v\u011bd\u011bt. <\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edv\u00e1\u0161 se na postavu. M\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i strany. M\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i rohy. <\/p>\n<p>Pat\u0159\u00ed do rodiny \u010dty\u0159\u00faheln\u00edk\u016f. Nejde ale o ledajak\u00fd \u010dty\u0159\u00faheln\u00edkov\u00fd obrazec. Mezi lichob\u011b\u017en\u00edky, koso\u010dtverci a rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00edky (romboidy) vynik\u00e1 z jednoho konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho d\u016fvodu. V\u0161echny jeho \u00fahly jsou spr\u00e1vn\u00e9. To je 90 stup\u0148\u016f. V\u0161ichni bez v\u00fdjimky. <\/p>\n<p>Li\u0161\u00ed se tak\u00e9 od \u010dtverce. \u010ctverec vy\u017eaduje, aby v\u0161echny strany byly stejn\u011b dlouh\u00e9. Obd\u00e9ln\u00edk &#8211; ne. Strany mohou b\u00fdt r\u016fzn\u00e9. \u010casto jsou. <\/p>\n<p>P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o m\u00edstnosti, ve kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00edte. O monitoru p\u0159ed v\u00e1mi. O smartphonu v kapse. O knize na va\u0161em stole. O posteli, ve kter\u00e9 sp\u00edte. O \u00fa\u010dtu ve va\u0161\u00ed ruce. To v\u0161e jsou skute\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady pravo\u00fahl\u00fdch tvar\u016f. <\/p>\n<h3>Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 vlastnosti obd\u00e9ln\u00edku<\/h3>\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se, co d\u011bl\u00e1 obd\u00e9ln\u00edk obd\u00e9ln\u00edkem. Jedn\u00e1 se o speci\u00e1ln\u00ed typ rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00edku. <\/p>\n<p>V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je to <strong>\u010dty\u0159\u00faheln\u00edk<\/strong>. M\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i strany a \u010dty\u0159i vrcholy. Je to jednoduch\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Za druh\u00e9, je to <strong>rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00edk<\/strong>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee protilehl\u00e9 strany jsou vz\u00e1jemn\u011b rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00e9. Jdou stejn\u00fdm sm\u011brem a nikdy se neprotnou. <\/p>\n<p>D\u00edky t\u00e9to struktu\u0159e jsou opa\u010dn\u00e9 strany obd\u00e9ln\u00edku stejn\u011b dlouh\u00e9. P\u0159ilehl\u00e9 strany jsou kolm\u00e9. Prot\u00ednaj\u00ed se v prav\u00e9m \u00fahlu. Tato geometrie nut\u00ed m\u00edt ka\u017ed\u00fd vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u00fahel p\u0159esn\u011b <strong>90\u00ba<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p>Obd\u00e9ln\u00edk m\u00e1 <strong>dv\u011b osy osov\u00e9 soum\u011brnosti<\/strong>. Pokud jej o\u0159\u00edznete vodorovn\u011b uprost\u0159ed, z\u00edsk\u00e1te dv\u011b stejn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti. Pokud budete \u0159ezat svisle, z\u00edsk\u00e1te tak\u00e9 dv\u011b stejn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 polovina je obd\u00e9ln\u00edk nebo \u010dtverec. Ob\u011b poloviny maj\u00ed stejnou plochu. <\/p>\n<p>Orientace nem\u011bn\u00ed tvar. Obd\u00e9ln\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vodorovn\u00fd nebo svisl\u00fd. Strany mohou m\u00edt libovolnou d\u00e9lku v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nula. Pokud se v\u0161ak v\u0161echny strany srovnaj\u00ed, postava se zm\u011bn\u00ed na \u010dtverec. P\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u00fdt obd\u00e9ln\u00edkem a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se n\u011b\u010d\u00edm konkr\u00e9tn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm. <\/p>\n<p>Existuje b\u011b\u017en\u00e1 myln\u00e1 p\u0159edstava o proporcionalit\u011b. Tyto dva p\u00e1ry stran nejsou p\u0159\u00edmo \u00fam\u011brn\u00e9. Pokud zv\u011bt\u0161\u00edte d\u00e9lku z\u00e1kladny, v\u00fd\u0161ka se nemus\u00ed m\u011bnit. Jedn\u00e1 se o nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 prom\u011bnn\u00e9. **\u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dky jsou v\u0161ak \u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 d\u00e9lk\u00e1m stran. Tento vztah matematicky plat\u00ed, i kdy\u017e strany samotn\u00e9 nejsou v\u00e1z\u00e1ny pevn\u00fdm faktorem. <\/p>\n<p>Do obd\u00e9ln\u00edku m\u016f\u017eete um\u00edstit kruh. Kruh se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 vrchol\u016f. V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je pr\u016fm\u011br kruhu p\u0159esn\u011b stejn\u00fd jako d\u00e9lka \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dek obd\u00e9ln\u00edku. <\/p>\n<p>Vy\u0159\u00edzn\u011bte obd\u00e9ln\u00edk pod\u00e9l jedn\u00e9 \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dky. Z\u00edsk\u00e1te dva pravo\u00fahl\u00e9 troj\u00faheln\u00edky. Tyto troj\u00faheln\u00edky maj\u00ed stejnou velikost. Roz\u0159\u00edzn\u011bte ji pod\u00e9l obou \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dek. Z\u00edsk\u00e1te \u010dty\u0159i rovnoramenn\u00e9 troj\u00faheln\u00edky. Geometrie je p\u0159esn\u00e1. Je p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1. <\/p>\n<h3>\u010c\u00e1sti obd\u00e9ln\u00edku<\/h3>\n<p>Ka\u017ed\u00fd obd\u00e9ln\u00edk se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z ur\u010dit\u00fdch prvk\u016f. Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed je nezbytn\u00e9 pro v\u00fdpo\u010det plochy, obvodu a \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dek. <\/p>\n<p>Mezi hlavn\u00ed komponenty pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Strany:<\/strong> \u010cty\u0159i \u010d\u00e1ry, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed hranici. Existuj\u00ed dva p\u00e1ry stran stejn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Vertexy:<\/strong> \u010cty\u0159i body, kde se strany setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd tvo\u0159\u00ed \u00fahel 90 stup\u0148\u016f. <\/li>\n<li><strong>Diagon\u00e1ly:<\/strong> Dv\u011b \u010d\u00e1ry spojuj\u00edc\u00ed protilehl\u00e9 vrcholy. Jsou stejn\u011b dlouh\u00e9 a navz\u00e1jem se p\u016fl\u00ed. <\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00dahly:<\/strong> \u010cty\u0159i vnit\u0159n\u00ed \u00fahly, ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011b\u0159\u00ed 90 stup\u0148\u016f. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9? Proto\u017ee tyto \u010d\u00e1sti ur\u010duj\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed postavy. Nem\u016f\u017eete m\u00edt obd\u00e9ln\u00edk bez prav\u00fdch roh\u016f. Nem\u016f\u017eete m\u00edt obd\u00e9ln\u00edk bez paraleln\u00edch protilehl\u00fdch stran. Jedn\u00e1 se o pevnou konstrukci. <\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se znovu na \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dku. Toto je nejdel\u0161\u00ed segment uvnit\u0159 obr\u00e1zku. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed spojen\u00ed mezi protilehl\u00fdmi rohy. Je to tak\u00e9 pr\u016fm\u011br opsan\u00e9 kru\u017enice. Toto spojen\u00ed mezi line\u00e1rn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed a kruhovou geometri\u00ed nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/b1e0921f06174c3a9c14ab2113998a0a.jpg\" alt=\"\"><\/p>\n<h3>Skryt\u00e1 geometrie ka\u017edodenn\u00edch tvar\u016f<\/h3>\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed se letmo pod\u00edv\u00e1 na obd\u00e9ln\u00edk a vid\u00ed pouze tvar. Nev\u0161imnou si matematiky, kter\u00e1 to brzd\u00ed. Pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto slo\u017eek je v\u0161ak v\u00edce ne\u017e pouh\u00e9 zapamatov\u00e1n\u00ed definic pro test. To je schopnost vid\u011bt, jak vesm\u00edr funguje. <\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se, z \u010deho se vlastn\u011b obd\u00e9ln\u00edk skl\u00e1d\u00e1. <\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed stavebn\u00ed kameny<\/h3>\n<p>Za\u010dn\u011bme <strong>Lado<\/strong>. Toto je \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9 slovo, kter\u00e9 znamen\u00e1 \u201estrana\u201c. Ka\u017ed\u00fd obd\u00e9ln\u00edk m\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i rovn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry. Spojuj\u00ed sousedn\u00ed vrcholy. Nejdel\u0161\u00ed strana je obvykle z\u00e1kladna. A co krat\u0161\u00ed? Toto je v\u00fd\u0161ka. To je praktick\u00fd rozd\u00edl. <\/p>\n<p>Pak jsou tu <strong>V\u00e9rtice<\/strong>. \u010cty\u0159i body. To je v\u0161e. Ka\u017ed\u00fd vrchol spojuje dv\u011b sousedn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ry. Pokud jsou \u010d\u00e1ry st\u011bny, pak tyto body jsou rohy. <\/p>\n<p>Uvnit\u0159 t\u011bchto roh\u016f jsou <strong>\u00c1ngulo recto<\/strong>. V\u0161echny \u010dty\u0159i \u00fahly se rovnaj\u00ed devades\u00e1ti stup\u0148\u016fm. Nebo \u03c0\/2 radi\u00e1n\u016f, chcete-li b\u00fdt p\u0159esn\u00ed. To jsou prav\u00e9 \u00fahly. V\u017edy. <\/p>\n<p>V sam\u00e9m centru je <strong>Centro<\/strong>. Je ve stejn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od opa\u010dn\u00fdch stran. Toto je pr\u016fse\u010d\u00edk \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dek. Le\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 na os\u00e1ch symetrie. Toto je referen\u010dn\u00ed bod. <\/p>\n<p>Kdy\u017e u\u017e jsme u \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dek, <strong>Diagonal<\/strong> je jedna ze dvou lini\u00ed. Spojuje protilehl\u00e9 vrcholy. Jde p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159es centrum. Toto je nejkrat\u0161\u00ed cesta mezi dv\u011bma vzd\u00e1len\u00fdmi rohy. <\/p>\n<p>A nakonec <strong>Ejes de simetr\u00eda<\/strong>. Svisl\u00e9 a vodorovn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1ry. P\u0159eje\u010fte jimi a obd\u00e9ln\u00edk rozd\u011bl\u00edte na dv\u011b stejn\u00e9 poloviny. <\/p>\n<h3>Pro\u010d na velikosti z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>Zn\u00e1t d\u00edly je jedna v\u011bc. V\u00fdpo\u010det jejich dopadu je dal\u0161\u00ed. Zde se projevuj\u00ed vlastnosti obd\u00e9ln\u00edku. <\/p>\n<p>Obvod. N\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed. \u00dahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dka. <\/p>\n<p>Nejsou to jen abstraktn\u00ed pojmy. Ur\u010duj\u00ed, kolik materi\u00e1lu budete pot\u0159ebovat. Jak\u00fd m\u00e1te prostor? Jak daleko sah\u00e1 st\u00edn? <\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159esn\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det obvodu<\/h3>\n<p>Obvod je teoreticky jednoduch\u00fd. Slo\u017ete v\u0161echny strany dohromady. Ale proto\u017ee obd\u00e9ln\u00edk m\u00e1 dva p\u00e1ry stran stejn\u00e9 d\u00e9lky, m\u016f\u017eete v\u00fdpo\u010dty zkr\u00e1tit. <\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017eijte tento vzorec:<\/p>\n<p>Obvod = 2 x Z\u00e1kladna + 2 x V\u00fd\u0161ka<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u00edvejme se na re\u00e1ln\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. \u0158ekn\u011bme, \u017ee m\u00e1te obd\u00e9ln\u00edk. <\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladna: 40 cm.<br>\nV\u00fd\u0161ka: 20 cm.<\/p>\n<p>Nahra\u010fte hodnoty. <\/p>\n<p>2 x 40 = 80<br>\n2 x 20 = 40<\/p>\n<p>80 + 40 = 120 cm.<\/p>\n<p>Obvod je 120 centimetr\u016f. Ne 100. Ne 125. P\u0159esn\u011b 120. Chyba v tomto v\u00fdpo\u010dtu znamen\u00e1 n\u00e1kup p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed soklov\u00fdch li\u0161t nebo naopak jejich nedostatek. <\/p>\n<h3>P\u0159esn\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det plochy<\/h3>\n<p>Oblast je jin\u00e1 v\u011bc. To nen\u00ed hrana, ale prostor uvnit\u0159. <\/p>\n<p>vzorec:<\/p>\n<p>Plocha = z\u00e1kladna x v\u00fd\u0161ka<\/p>\n<p>Pomoc\u00ed stejn\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edkladu:<\/p>\n<p>40 cm x 20 cm = 800 cm\u00b2. <\/p>\n<p>Osm set centimetr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch. <\/p>\n<p>Pokud pokl\u00e1d\u00e1te dla\u017edice na podlahu, toto \u010d\u00edslo v\u00e1m \u0159ekne, kolik dla\u017edic si koupit. Pokud malujete ze\u010f, ur\u010d\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed barvy. Zde z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na p\u0159esnosti. Mal\u00e1 chyba m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se rychle nahromad\u00ed na velk\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n<h3>Pou\u017eit\u00ed Pythagorovy v\u011bty pro diagon\u00e1ly<\/h3>\n<p>Tady to za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt zaj\u00edmav\u00e9. <\/p>\n<p>Nem\u016f\u017eete jen p\u0159idat z\u00e1kladnu a v\u00fd\u0161ku, abyste z\u00edskali \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dku. Nejedn\u00e1 se o line\u00e1rn\u00ed vztah. Budete pot\u0159ebovat <strong>Teorema de Pit\u00e1goras<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p>vzorec:<\/p>\n<p>\u00dahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dka = \u221a (z\u00e1kladna\u00b2 + v\u00fd\u0161ka\u00b2)<\/p>\n<p>Pova\u017euje z\u00e1kladnu a v\u00fd\u0161ku za nohy pravo\u00fahl\u00e9ho troj\u00faheln\u00edku. \u00dahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dka je p\u0159epona. <\/p>\n<p>Vra\u0165me se k na\u0161emu obd\u00e9ln\u00edku 40&#215;20. <\/p>\n<p>40\u00b2 = 1600<br>\n20\u00b2 = 400<\/p>\n<p>1600 + 400 = 2000<\/p>\n<p>\u221a2000 \u2248 44,72 cm.<\/p>\n<p>Ob\u011b \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dky jsou toto\u017en\u00e9. 44,72 centimetr\u016f ka\u017ed\u00fd. <\/p>\n<p>Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9? Pokud zav\u011b\u0161ujete obr\u00e1zek do r\u00e1mu, kontrola jeho pravo\u00fahlosti zahrnuje m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed obou \u00fahlop\u0159\u00ed\u010dek. Pokud se shoduj\u00ed, va\u0161e \u00fahly jsou spr\u00e1vn\u00e9. Pokud ne, v\u00e1\u0161 r\u00e1m je zdeformovan\u00fd. <\/p>\n<p>Nen\u00ed to jen matematika. Toto je struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed integrita.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Obd\u00e9ln\u00edk je specifick\u00fd typ ploch\u00e9ho geometrick\u00e9ho obrazce. Pat\u0159\u00ed do rodiny \u010dty\u0159\u00faheln\u00edk\u016f a rovnob\u011b\u017en\u00edk\u016f. Tato uzav\u0159en\u00e1 postava m\u00e1 dva p\u00e1ry protilehl\u00fdch stran, stejn\u011b dlouh\u00e9. Vyzna\u010duje se tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed \u010dty\u0159 prav\u00fdch \u00fahl\u016f. Rozm\u011bry obd\u00e9ln\u00edku se mohou li\u0161it. Nikdy nem\u00e1 v\u0161echny \u010dty\u0159i strany stejn\u00e9. Jinak by to byl \u010dtverec. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou vlastnost\u00ed je, \u017ee jeden p\u00e1r stran je del\u0161\u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8076,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":{"cs":"pochopeni-obdelniku-zaklady-geometrie-pro-studenty","de":"rechtecke-verstehen-geometrie-grundlagen-fur-studenten","en":"understanding-rectangles-geometry-basics-for-students","es":"comprension-de-los-rectangulos-conceptos-basicos-de-geometria-para","fr":"comprendre-les-rectangles-bases-de-la-geometrie-pour-les-etudiants","id":"pengertian-persegi-panjang-dasar-dasar-geometri-untuk-siswa","it":"capire-i-rettangoli-nozioni-di-base-sulla-geometria-per-gli-studenti","nl":"rechthoeken-begrijpen-basisprincipes-van-geometrie-voor-studenten","pl":"zrozumienie-prostokatow-podstawy-geometrii-dla-uczniow","pt":"compreendendo-retangulos-nocoes-basicas-de-geometria-para-estudantes","ru-ru":"ponimanie-prjamougolnikov-osnovy-geometrii-dlja-studentov","uk-ua":"rozuminnja-prjamokutnikiv-osnovi-geometriyi-dlja-studentiv"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8079"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8079"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8079\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8076"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8079"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8079"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8079"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}