Akademick\u00fd titul je v\u00edc ne\u017e jen dokument. Jedn\u00e1 se o ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed titul ud\u011blovan\u00fd vysokou \u0161kolou nebo univerzitou. Tento diplom znamen\u00e1, \u017ee student dokon\u010dil ur\u010dit\u00fd studijn\u00ed kurz. Odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u00farove\u0148 jejich studijn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. <\/p>\n
Ko\u0159eny tohoto syst\u00e9mu sahaj\u00ed hluboko do minulosti. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 Evrop\u011b byla situace jednoduch\u00e1. byly jen dva stupn\u011b. Jeden byl magistersk\u00fd. Byl ud\u011blen u\u010denc\u016fm v oblasti um\u011bn\u00ed a gramatiky. Druh\u00fd byl doktor\u00e1t. Uzn\u00e1val odborn\u00e9 znalosti ve filozofii, teologii, medic\u00edn\u011b nebo pr\u00e1vu. <\/p>\n
Bakal\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 studium ve sv\u00e9 modern\u00ed podob\u011b v\u017edy neexistovalo. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se tomu \u0159\u00edkalo bakal\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd titul. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b to byl jen odrazov\u00fd m\u016fstek. Slou\u017eil jako odrazov\u00fd m\u016fstek k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed magistersk\u00e9ho titulu. Bakal\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 studium v\u0161ak dnes existuje samo o sob\u011b. <\/p>\n
Struktury stup\u0148\u016f se po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b velmi li\u0161\u00ed. Pozoruhodn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem je modern\u00ed Francie. Tamn\u00ed syst\u00e9m je jin\u00fd ne\u017e ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. <\/p>\n
Nejprve studenti z\u00edskaj\u00ed bakal\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd<\/em> (baccalaur\u00e9at). Ud\u011bluje se po ukon\u010den\u00ed st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Nejedn\u00e1 se o vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Toto je propustka. N\u00e1sleduje dr\u017eitel licence<\/em> (licence). Znamen\u00e1 dokon\u010den\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed nebo \u010dty\u0159let\u00e9ho vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho programu. Pokro\u010dil\u00ed studenti pak z\u00edskaj\u00ed titul maestra<\/em> (ma\u00eetrise). K tomu mus\u00edte slo\u017eit n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 pokro\u010dil\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky. Nakonec je ud\u011blen titul doktor<\/em> (doctorat). Oce\u0148uje dokon\u010den\u00ed n\u011bkolika let hloubkov\u00e9ho akademick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu. <\/p>\n Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b maj\u00ed jinou hierarchii. Nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdchoz\u00edm bodem je titul Bachelor of Arts (B.A.)<\/strong> nebo Bachelor of Science (B.S.)<\/strong>. Obvykle se ud\u011bluj\u00ed po \u010dty\u0159ech letech studia na vysok\u00e9 \u0161kole. <\/p>\n Akademick\u00fd titul je titul ud\u011blovan\u00fd vysokou \u0161kolou nebo univerzitou k ozna\u010den\u00ed ukon\u010den\u00ed studia nebo \u00farovn\u011b akademick\u00e9ho \u00fasp\u011bchu. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Po z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed bakal\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho titulu studenti \u010dasto pokra\u010duj\u00ed ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Mohou z\u00edskat titul Master of Arts (M.A.)<\/strong> nebo Master of Science (M.S.)<\/strong>. To vy\u017eaduje dal\u0161\u00ed rok nebo dva roky \u0161kolen\u00ed. <\/p>\n Pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed hledaj\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 akademick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, je zde titul Doktor filozofie (Ph.D.)<\/strong>. Tento titul se ud\u011bluje po n\u011bkolika letech studia po ukon\u010den\u00ed bakal\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho studia. Hodn\u011b se zam\u011b\u0159uje na p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum. <\/p>\n Ne v\u0161echny akademick\u00e9 kvalifikace se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010dty\u0159letou cestou. V polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed se ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech za\u010dal objevovat titul **Associate Bachelor of Arts (A.A.). Junior vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly za\u010daly ud\u011blovat tyto tituly. Umo\u017enily rychlej\u0161\u00ed vstup na trh pr\u00e1ce nebo cestu k p\u0159echodu do \u010dty\u0159let\u00fdch instituc\u00ed. <\/p>\n Pak p\u0159ijdou odborn\u00e9 tituly. Jsou specifick\u00e9 pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 profese. Doktor pr\u00e1vn\u00ed v\u011bdy (J.D.)<\/strong> je standardem pro pr\u00e1vn\u00edky. U l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f je vy\u017eadov\u00e1no Doktor medic\u00edny (MD)<\/strong>. Jedn\u00e1 se o tituly doktorsk\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b, ale li\u0161\u00ed se od Ph.D. se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm sp\u00ed\u0161e na praxi ne\u017e na \u010dist\u00fd v\u00fdzkum. <\/p>\n Kone\u010dn\u011b jsou tu \u010destn\u00e9 tituly. Ud\u011bluj\u00ed se bez ohledu na studijn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky. Oce\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos spole\u010dnosti, kultu\u0159e nebo charit\u011b. Nejsou vy\u017eadov\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 pap\u00edry se nep\u00ed\u0161\u00ed. Titul se ud\u011bluje jako projev \u00facty.<\/p>\n Pro studenty a rodi\u010de m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed. Kter\u00e1 cesta m\u00e1 smysl? <\/p>\n Zva\u017ete \u010dasov\u00fd r\u00e1mec. Dokon\u010den\u00ed bakal\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho studia trv\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Akademick\u00fd titul je v\u00edc ne\u017e jen dokument. Jedn\u00e1 se o ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed titul ud\u011blovan\u00fd vysokou \u0161kolou nebo univerzitou. Tento diplom znamen\u00e1, \u017ee student dokon\u010dil ur\u010dit\u00fd studijn\u00ed kurz. Odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u00farove\u0148 jejich studijn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Ko\u0159eny tohoto syst\u00e9mu sahaj\u00ed hluboko do minulosti. Ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 Evrop\u011b byla situace jednoduch\u00e1. byly jen dva stupn\u011b. Jeden byl magistersk\u00fd. Byl ud\u011blen u\u010denc\u016fm […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":{"cs":"pochopeni-akademickych-titulu-historie-typy-a-soucasne-standardy","de":"akademische-abschlusse-verstehen-geschichte-typen-und-moderne","en":"understanding-academic-degrees-history-types-and-modern-standards","es":"comprension-de-los-titulos-academicos-historia-tipos-y-estandares","fr":"comprendre-les-diplomes-universitaires-histoire-types-et-normes","id":"pengertian-gelar-akademik-sejarah-jenis-dan-standar-modern","it":"comprensione-dei-titoli-accademici-storia-tipi-e-standard-moderni","nl":"academische-graden-begrijpen-geschiedenis-typen-en-moderne-normen","pl":"zrozumienie-stopni-akademickich-historia-rodzaje-i-aktualne-standardy","pt":"compreendendo-os-graus-academicos-historia-tipos-e-padroes-modernos","ru-ru":"ponimanie-akademicheskih-stepenej-istorija-tipy-i-sovremennye","uk-ua":"rozuminnja-akademichnih-stupeniv-istorija-tipi-ta-suchasni-standarti"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8097"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8097"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8097\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8097"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8097"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8097"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\n
Profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed tituly a juniorsk\u00e9 vysok\u00e9 \u0161koly<\/h3>\n
V\u00fdb\u011br sm\u011bru studia<\/h3>\n