Peter Barlow byl v\u00edc ne\u017e jen matematik. Byl tak\u00e9 optikem s talentem \u0159e\u0161it praktick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed ignorovali. Narodil se v Norwichi v roce 1776, \u017eil do roku 1862. Jeho celo\u017eivotn\u00ed d\u00edlo propojilo dva zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 sv\u011bty: abstraktn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla a fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed optiku. <\/p>\n
S\u00e1m se u\u010dil matematiku. Nedostatek vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho diplomu se pro n\u011bj nestal p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou. V roce 1801 ji\u017e vyu\u010doval matematiku na Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 akademii ve Woolwichi. Tato pr\u00e1ce mu dala \u010das pono\u0159it se hloub\u011bji do studia \u010d\u00edsel. V roce 1814 vydal Nov\u00e9 matematick\u00e9 tabulky. Proslavil se jako Barlowovy stoly<\/strong>. <\/p>\n Tato kniha poskytuje faktory a funkce pro ka\u017ed\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo do 10 000 v\u010detn\u011b. Byla neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e1. In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i a v\u011bdci na n\u011bj spol\u00e9haj\u00ed po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed. Byl p\u0159etiskov\u00e1n tak \u010dasto, \u017ee z\u016fstal standardn\u00edm referen\u010dn\u00edm d\u00edlem dlouho po Barlowov\u011b smrti. <\/p>\n \u010c\u00edsla ale nebyla jeho jedinou v\u00e1\u0161n\u00ed. V\u011bnoval pozornost skute\u010dn\u00e9mu sv\u011btu. Zejm\u00e9na studoval lod\u011b. <\/p>\n Lod\u011b byly v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Jejich trupy obsahovaly v\u00edce \u017eeleza. Toto \u017eelezo zkreslovalo hodnoty kompasu. Navig\u00e1to\u0159i nemohli v\u011b\u0159it jejich pokyn\u016fm. To byl nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. <\/p>\n Barlow to vy\u0159e\u0161il v roce 1819. P\u0159i\u0161el na to, jak odchylku opravit. Jeho \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed bylo jednoduch\u00e9, ale \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. Vedle kompasu polo\u017eil speci\u00e1ln\u00ed kus \u017eeleza. Na tvaru z\u00e1le\u017eelo. Na um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed tak\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eelo. <\/p>\n Tato metoda byla tak \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1, \u017ee mu Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost ud\u011blila Copleyho medaili. Jednalo se o jedno z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch ocen\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9 doby. Brzy tak\u00e9 za\u010dal studovat elektrick\u00fd telegraf. Zkoumal zp\u016fsoby, jak zlep\u0161it jeho \u00fa\u010dinnost. Ale byla to jeho optick\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce, kter\u00e1 definovala jeho odkaz. <\/p>\n Barlowovu \u010do\u010dku<\/strong> mo\u017en\u00e1 zn\u00e1te z astronomie nebo fotografie. Jedn\u00e1 se o achromatickou \u010do\u010dku pro dalekohled. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee koriguje zkreslen\u00ed barev. Bez n\u011bj se obr\u00e1zky zdaj\u00ed ohrani\u010den\u00e9 barvami duhy. <\/p>\n Barlow vytvo\u0159il dv\u011b verze. Prvn\u00ed se objevil mezi lety 1827 a 1832. Zachytil kapaln\u00fd sirouhl\u00edk mezi dv\u011b sklen\u011bn\u00e9 desky. To byl d\u016fmysln\u00fd zp\u016fsob ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed lomu sv\u011btla. <\/p>\n Jeho druh\u00fd n\u00e1vrh se objevil v roce 1833. Kombinoval pazourkov\u00e9 sklo s korunkov\u00fdm sklem. Tato kombinace je standardn\u00ed pro korekci chromatick\u00e9 aberace. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1kladem pro mnoho modern\u00edch optick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstroj\u016f. <\/p>\n Barlowova \u010do\u010dka<\/strong> se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed okul\u00e1ru. Pokud chcete p\u0159i p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vid\u011bt v\u00edce detail\u016f s men\u0161\u00edm rozmaz\u00e1n\u00edm, tento objektiv v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee. D\u00edky tomu je jak\u00e9koli optick\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. <\/p>\n Jeho stoly pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me dodnes. Jeho n\u00e1vrhy \u010do\u010dek pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me dodnes. Jeho p\u0159\u00edstup byl praktick\u00fd. Nejen teoretizoval. Stvo\u0159il v\u011bci. Testoval je. Opravil, co bylo rozbit\u00e9. <\/p>\n Samovzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mu dalo svobodu. Nebyl omezen rigidn\u00edmi osnovami sv\u00e9 doby. N\u00e1sledoval svou zv\u011bdavost. Tato zv\u011bdavost vedla k medail\u00edm a trval\u00fdm vyn\u00e1lez\u016fm. <\/p>\n A\u017e se p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b budete d\u00edvat dalekohledem nebo \u010d\u00edst starou matematickou knihu, vzpome\u0148te si na Petera Barlowa. Slo\u017eit\u00e9 probl\u00e9my \u0159e\u0161il pomoc\u00ed jednoduch\u00fdch a \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Peter Barlow byl v\u00edc ne\u017e jen matematik. Byl tak\u00e9 optikem s talentem \u0159e\u0161it praktick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed ignorovali. Narodil se v Norwichi v roce 1776, \u017eil do roku 1862. Jeho celo\u017eivotn\u00ed d\u00edlo propojilo dva zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 sv\u011bty: abstraktn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla a fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed optiku. S\u00e1m se u\u010dil matematiku. Nedostatek vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho diplomu se pro n\u011bj nestal p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou. V […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8080,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":{"cs":"peter-barlow-matematik-ktery-opravoval-lodni-kompasy-a-vynalezl","de":"peter-barlow-der-mathematiker-der-schiffskompasse-korrigierte-und","en":"peter-barlow-the-mathematician-who-corrected-ship-compasses-and","es":"peter-barlow-el-matematico-que-corrigio-las-brujulas-de-los-barcos-e","fr":"peter-barlow-le-mathematicien-qui-a-corrige-les-compas-des-navires","id":"peter-barlow-ahli-matematika-yang-mengoreksi-kompas-kapal-dan","it":"peter-barlow-il-matematico-che-corresse-le-bussole-delle-navi-e","nl":"peter-barlow-de-wiskundige-die-scheepskompassen-corrigeerde-en","pl":"peter-barlow-matematyk-ktory-naprawil-kompasy-na-statkach-i-wynalazl","pt":"peter-barlow-o-matematico-que-corrigiu-bussolas-de-navios-e-inventou","ru-ru":"piter-barlou-matematik-ispravivshij-korabelnye-kompasy-i-izobretshij","uk-ua":"piter-barlou-matematik-jakij-vipraviv-korabelni-kompasi-i-vinajshov"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8098"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8098"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8098\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8080"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8098"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8098"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu odchylky kompasu<\/h3>\n
Jak funguje Barlowova \u010do\u010dka<\/h3>\n
Pro\u010d na jeho pr\u00e1ci i dnes z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed<\/h3>\n