V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no je prost\u011b osoba, m\u00edsto nebo v\u011bc. Nemaj\u00ed chybu. N\u011bkter\u00e1 podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na jsou ale slo\u017een\u00e1. Vypadaj\u00ed jako jednotn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. P\u016fsob\u00ed jako jednotn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. Popisuj\u00ed v\u0161ak obrovskou skupinu. <\/p>\n
Jedn\u00e1 se o hromadn\u00e1 podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na. <\/p>\n
Pochopen\u00ed rozd\u00edlu mezi kolektivn\u00edmi a individu\u00e1ln\u00edmi podstatn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny m\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te jazyk. To usnad\u0148uje komunikaci. To v\u00e1m umo\u017en\u00ed mluvit o cel\u00e9m lese, ani\u017e byste uv\u00e1d\u011bli ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd strom. <\/p>\n
Pod\u00edvejme se na mechaniku tohoto jevu. <\/p>\n
Hromadn\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no je skupina prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 sd\u00edlej\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti. To je jedno slovo pro setk\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Vezm\u011bte si nap\u0159\u00edklad slovo st\u00e1do<\/em>. Jedno slovo. Ale obsahuje mnoho zv\u00ed\u0159at. <\/p>\n Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady pat\u0159\u00ed: Gramatika je zde p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1. A\u010dkoli v\u00fdznam je mno\u017en\u00fd, podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no samotn\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jednotn\u00e9. <\/p>\n “Manada” (hejno) je jednotn\u00e9. Popisuje lvy. Lvi jsou v mno\u017en\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle. Skupina je jeden celek. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n Jednotliv\u00e1 podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na jsou jednoduch\u00e1 a jasn\u00e1. Jmenuj\u00ed jednu entitu. Jeden objekt. Jedna \u017eiv\u00e1 bytost. <\/p>\n Pokud je \u201emanada\u201c (hejno) skupina, pak \u201ele\u00f3n\u201c (lev) je individu\u00e1ln\u00ed bytost. <\/p>\n P\u0159\u00edklady: Ob\u011b kategorie zahrnuj\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata, lidi, p\u0159edm\u011bty, m\u00edsta a koncepty. V\u011bd\u011bt, kter\u00fd z nich je, v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee vybrat spr\u00e1vnou slovesnou shodu a objasn\u00ed va\u0161i zpr\u00e1vu. <\/p>\n Zv\u00ed\u0159ata maj\u00ed \u010dasto specifick\u00e9 spole\u010dn\u00e9 pojmy. Pou\u017eit\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho term\u00ednu zvy\u0161uje p\u0159esnost. <\/p>\n Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9? Pokud \u0159\u00edk\u00e1te sme\u010dka vlk\u016f, m\u00e1te na mysli soci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupinu pro lov. Kdy\u017e \u0159eknete “vlci”, mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00e1te na mysli jen ty dva v parku. Kontext se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na hromadn\u00e9m podstatn\u00e9m jm\u00e9nu. <\/p>\n Lidsk\u00e9 organizace se siln\u011b spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na kolektivn\u00ed podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na. Definuj\u00ed strukturu.<\/p>\n Zva\u017ete “Alumnado” (studentsk\u00e1 budova). Ne\u0159\u00edk\u00e1te \u201estudentsk\u00e9 budovy jsou tady\u201c. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1te “studentsk\u00fd sbor je tady.” Sloveso v jednotn\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle souhlas\u00ed se spole\u010dn\u00fdm podstatn\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem v jednotn\u00e9m \u010d\u00edsle, i kdy\u017e jsou p\u0159\u00edtomny des\u00edtky lid\u00ed. <\/p>\n Objekty se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed kolektivn\u00edmi, kdy\u017e jsou seskupeny podle funkce nebo um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed. <\/p>\n P\u0159edstavte si \u201ebal\u00ed\u010dek karet\u201c (baraja<\/em> ). Toto je jeden objekt. Ale uvnit\u0159 je dvaapades\u00e1t samostatn\u00fdch karet (naipes<\/em> ). Souhrnn\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no zjednodu\u0161uje psychickou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e. Nepo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1\u0161 karty. Dr\u017e\u00edte bal\u00ed\u010dek. <\/p>\n Pod\u00edvejte se, jak gramatika funguje v praxi. Sloveso z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jednotn\u00e9. <\/p>\n V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no je prost\u011b osoba, m\u00edsto nebo v\u011bc. Nemaj\u00ed chybu. N\u011bkter\u00e1 podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na jsou ale slo\u017een\u00e1. Vypadaj\u00ed jako jednotn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. P\u016fsob\u00ed jako jednotn\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. Popisuj\u00ed v\u0161ak obrovskou skupinu. Jedn\u00e1 se o hromadn\u00e1 podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na. Pochopen\u00ed rozd\u00edlu mezi kolektivn\u00edmi a individu\u00e1ln\u00edmi podstatn\u00fdmi jm\u00e9ny m\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te jazyk. To usnad\u0148uje komunikaci. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":{"cs":"spolecna-a-individualni-podstatna-jmena-prakticky-pruvodce-pro","de":"kollektive-vs-individuelle-substantive-ein-praktischer-leitfaden-fur","en":"collective-vs-individual-nouns-a-practical-guide-for-language-learners","es":"sustantivos-colectivos-versus-individuales-una-guia-practica-para","fr":"noms-collectifs-ou-noms-individuels-un-guide-pratique-pour-les","id":"kata-benda-kolektif-vs-individu-panduan-praktis-untuk-pembelajar","it":"nomi-collettivi-e-individuali-una-guida-pratica-per-studenti-di-lingue","nl":"collectieve-versus-individuele-zelfstandige-naamwoorden-een-praktische","pl":"rzeczowniki-zbiorowe-i-indywidualne-praktyczny-przewodnik-dla-osob","pt":"substantivos-coletivos-versus-individuais-um-guia-pratico-para","ru-ru":"kollektivnye-i-individualnye-suschestvitelnye-prakticheskoe","uk-ua":"kolektivni-ta-individualni-imenniki-praktichnij-posibnik-dlja-tih"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8135"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8135"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8135\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\n– Reba\u00f1o<\/strong> (st\u00e1do ovc\u00ed)
\n– Manada<\/strong> (sme\u010dka vlk\u016f\/zv\u00ed\u0159at)
\n– Equipo<\/strong> (t\u00fdm)
\n– Baraja<\/strong> (bal\u00ed\u010dek karet)
\n– Olivar<\/strong> (olivov\u00fd h\u00e1j)
\n– Cuberter\u00eda<\/strong> (sada p\u0159\u00edbor\u016f)
\n– Flor<\/strong> (kytice\/svazek kv\u011btin)<\/p>\n\n
Co jsou jednotliv\u00e1 podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na?<\/h2>\n
\n– Oveja<\/strong> (ovce)
\n– Lobo<\/strong> (vlk)
\n– Jugador<\/strong> (hr\u00e1\u010d)
\n– Carta<\/strong> (mapa)
\n– Olivo<\/strong> (olivovn\u00edk)
\n– Tenedor<\/strong> (vidlice)
\n– Ramo<\/strong> (jedin\u00fd stonek\/prvek kytice)<\/p>\nDvojice hromadn\u00fdch a individu\u00e1ln\u00edch podstatn\u00fdch jmen pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata<\/h2>\n
\n\n
\n \nHromadn\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<\/th>\n Jednotliv\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Reba\u00f1o<\/strong> <\/td>\n Oveja<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Bandada<\/strong> <\/td>\n Ave<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Banco<\/strong> <\/td>\n Pez<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Enjambre<\/strong> <\/td>\n Abeja<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Caballada<\/strong> <\/td>\n Caballo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Nube<\/strong> <\/td>\n Kom\u00e1r<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Piara<\/strong> <\/td>\n Cerdo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Klan<\/strong> <\/td>\n Hiena<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Jaur\u00eda<\/strong> <\/td>\n Perro de caza<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Hormiguero<\/strong> <\/td>\n Hormiga<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Camada<\/strong> <\/td>\n Cachorro<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Manada<\/strong> <\/td>\n Lobo, Le\u00f3n, Elefante<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Lid\u00e9 a skupiny<\/h2>\n
\n\n
\n \nHromadn\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<\/th>\n Jednotliv\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Ej\u00e9rcito<\/strong> <\/td>\n Soldado<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Cofrad\u00eda<\/strong> <\/td>\n Devoto<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Rodina<\/strong> <\/td>\n Miembro<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Alumnado<\/strong> <\/td>\n Estudiante<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Gremio<\/strong> <\/td>\n Trabajador<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Elenco<\/strong> <\/td>\n herec<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Tropa<\/strong> <\/td>\n Explorador, Soldado<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Vecindario<\/strong> <\/td>\n Vecino<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Orquesta<\/strong> <\/td>\n Hudba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Coro<\/strong> <\/td>\n Cantante<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Tropel<\/strong> <\/td>\n individu\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Horda<\/strong> <\/td>\n Nomada<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Profesorado<\/strong> <\/td>\n Profesor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Spole\u010dnost<\/strong> <\/td>\n Bailar\u00edn<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Cuadrilla<\/strong> <\/td>\n Alba\u00f1il<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n P\u00fablico<\/strong> <\/td>\n Espectador<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Patrulla<\/strong> <\/td>\n Policie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n P\u0159edm\u011bty a sb\u00edrky<\/h2>\n
\n\n
\n \nHromadn\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<\/th>\n Jednotliv\u00e9 podstatn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n \n Biblioteca<\/strong> <\/td>\n Kniha<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Escuadron<\/strong> <\/td>\n Avion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ristra<\/strong> <\/td>\n Ajo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Kolonie<\/strong> <\/td>\n Vivienda<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Archipi\u00e9lago<\/strong> <\/td>\n Isla<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Manojo<\/strong> <\/td>\n Esp\u00e1rrago<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Bosque<\/strong> <\/td>\n \u00c1rbol<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Vajilla<\/strong> <\/td>\n Plat\u00f3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ramo<\/strong> <\/td>\n Flor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n N\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed<\/strong> <\/td>\n Dogma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Cosecha<\/strong> <\/td>\n Fruto<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Constelaci\u00f3n<\/strong> <\/td>\n Estrella<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Pinar<\/strong> <\/td>\n Pino<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Cordillera<\/strong> <\/td>\n Monta\u00f1a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Baraja<\/strong> <\/td>\n Naipe<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Racimo<\/strong> <\/td>\n Uva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Galerie<\/strong> <\/td>\n Retrato<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Syst\u00e9m<\/strong> <\/td>\n Organo<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n \n Ideologie<\/strong> <\/td>\n n\u00e1pad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hromadn\u00fdch podstatn\u00fdch jmen ve v\u011bt\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n
\n