{"id":8304,"date":"2026-09-19T17:44:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T14:44:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/scho-take-diametr-i-jak-vimirjati-jogo-tochno\/"},"modified":"2026-09-19T17:44:27","modified_gmt":"2026-09-19T14:44:27","slug":"scho-take-diametr-i-jak-vimirjati-jogo-tochno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/co-je-prumer-a-jak-jej-presne-zmerit\/","title":{"rendered":"Co je pr\u016fm\u011br a jak jej p\u0159esn\u011b zm\u011b\u0159it"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pr\u016fm\u011br je p\u0159\u00edmka proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed st\u0159edem kru\u017enice. Spojuje dva body na hranici obrazce. Tento segment ur\u010duje \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku kruhu nebo obvodu. Toto m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed plat\u00ed tak\u00e9 pro p\u016flkruh nebo kouli. <\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 symboly pro zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to vzd\u00e1lenosti. M\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt velk\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno D<\/strong>. B\u011b\u017en\u00e1 jsou tak\u00e9 mal\u00e1 p\u00edsmena d<\/strong>. Symbol \u00d8<\/strong> je standardn\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed v technick\u00fdch v\u00fdkresech. <\/p>\n

Jednotky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na velikosti. Na drobn\u00e1 ozuben\u00e1 kola se hod\u00ed milimetry. Centimetry – pro mal\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty. M\u011b\u0159i\u010de – pro velk\u00e9 konstrukce. Kilometry se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v geografii a astronomii. <\/p>\n

\n

Pr\u016fm\u011br je nejdel\u0161\u00ed t\u011btiva kruhu. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

V\u011bd\u011bt, jak jej m\u011b\u0159it, je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v mnoha praktick\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. To plat\u00ed nejen pro hodiny matematiky. <\/p>\n

Vypo\u010d\u00edtejte pr\u016fm\u011br podle polom\u011bru<\/h3>\n

Polom\u011br je vzd\u00e1lenost od st\u0159edu k okraji. Pr\u016fm\u011br je dvojn\u00e1sobkem d\u00e9lky polom\u011bru. Vyn\u00e1sobte polom\u011br dv\u011bma. Dostanete pr\u016fm\u011br. <\/p>\n

Pokud zn\u00e1te obvod kruhu, vyd\u011blte ho p\u00ed. Pi je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3,14. V\u00fdsledkem bude pr\u016fm\u011br. <\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b?<\/h3>\n

In\u017een\u00fd\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tuto metodu m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed pro potrub\u00ed. Pl\u00e1nova\u010di to pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed ke stavb\u011b silnic. I tak jednoduch\u00fd \u00fakol, jako je n\u00e1kup ubrusu, vy\u017eaduje p\u0159esnou znalost \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky. <\/p>\n

Symbol \u00d8<\/strong> se \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v informac\u00edch o produktu. Bez nejasnost\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159esnou velikost. <\/p>\n

Pe\u010dliv\u011b zkontrolujte jednotky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Z\u00e1m\u011bna mezi milimetry a metry m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k velk\u00fdm chyb\u00e1m. V\u017edy podepi\u0161te sv\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty. <\/p>\n

Tento koncept plat\u00ed v\u0161ude. Od kol k planet\u00e1m. Tato logika funguje. <\/p>\n

St\u0159ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd. Bez n\u011bj neexistuje skute\u010dn\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br. <\/p>\n

Jak zm\u011b\u0159it pr\u016fm\u011br skute\u010dn\u00e9ho kruhu<\/h3>\n

Vezm\u011bte si metr nebo metr. Za\u010dn\u011bte od okraje. Jd\u011bte rovn\u011b na opa\u010dnou stranu. Toto je pr\u016fm\u011br. Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee n\u00e1stroj jde p\u0159esn\u011b uprost\u0159ed. Pokud je st\u0159ed ur\u010den \u0161patn\u011b, bude v\u00fdsledek chybn\u00fd. <\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty n\u00e1m d\u00e1vaj\u00ed m\u011b\u0159\u00edtko. V\u00fd\u0161ka baseballov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010de je 7,3\u20137,5 cm. Fotbalov\u00fd m\u00ed\u010d? Cca 22 cm. \u0160\u00ed\u0159ka basketbalov\u00e9ho m\u00ed\u010de je cca 24 cm.<\/p>\n

Mysl\u00edme ve velk\u00e9m. Pr\u016fm\u011br Zem\u011b je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 12 742 kilometr\u016f. M\u011bs\u00edc? 3 474 km. Slunce m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br \u2013 1,39 milionu kilometr\u016f. <\/p>\n

Slovo \u201epr\u016fm\u011br\u201c poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u0159e\u010dtiny. Dia<\/em> znamen\u00e1 “p\u0159es”. Metron<\/em> znamen\u00e1 “m\u011b\u0159it”. Je to doslova \u201em\u011b\u0159it st\u0159edem\u201c. <\/p>\n

Jednoduch\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty za pr\u016fm\u011brem<\/h3>\n

Geometrie n\u00e1m poskytuje vzorce. Pou\u017eijte ten, kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 va\u0161im dat\u016fm. <\/p>\n

Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzorec se t\u00fdk\u00e1 pr\u016fm\u011bru a polom\u011bru. <\/p>\n

D = 2r<\/strong> <\/p>\n

D<\/strong> je pr\u016fm\u011br. r<\/strong> je polom\u011br. Polom\u011br sah\u00e1 od st\u0159edu k okraji. M\u00e1 p\u0159esn\u011b polovinu pr\u016fm\u011bru. Vyn\u00e1sobte polom\u011br dv\u011bma. Dostanete pr\u016fm\u011br. <\/p>\n

Vypo\u010d\u00edtejte pr\u016fm\u011br na z\u00e1klad\u011b obvodu<\/h3>\n

Co kdy\u017e nem\u00e1te r\u00e1dius? Mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00e1te obvod (obvod). <\/p>\n

Pou\u017eijte toto:<\/p>\n

D = P\/\u03c0<\/strong> <\/p>\n

P<\/strong> je obvod. \u03c0<\/strong> (Pi) se p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b rovn\u00e1 3,141592. <\/p>\n

Pokud zn\u00e1te obvod, vyd\u011blte ho p\u00ed. Dostanete sv\u016fj pr\u016fm\u011br. <\/p>\n

V\u00fdpo\u010det pr\u016fm\u011bru z plochy povrchu<\/h3>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 zn\u00e1te jen oblast. <\/p>\n

D = \u221a(4A \/ \u03c0)<\/strong> <\/p>\n

A<\/strong> je oblast. <\/p>\n

Tento vzorec odvozuje pr\u016fm\u011br z prostoru uvnit\u0159 kruhu. M\u016f\u017eete tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt A = \u03c0 \u00d7 r\u00b2<\/strong> k nalezen\u00ed polom\u011bru a jeho zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 metoda je v\u0161ak rychlej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady<\/h3>\n

Uva\u017eujme t\u0159i sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e. <\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpad 1: M\u00e1te r\u00e1dius<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed t\u0159i oblasti. M\u00e1te r\u00e1diusy 65 cm, 72 cm a 89 cm.<\/p>\n

Pou\u017eijte D = 2r<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

M\u00ed\u010d 1: 2 \u00d7 65 = 130 cm.
\nM\u00ed\u010d 2: 2 \u00d7 72 = 144 cm.
\nM\u00ed\u010d 3: 2 \u00d7 89 = 178 cm.<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fm\u011bry jsou 130, 144 a 178 cm.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpad 2: M\u00e1te obvod<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Obvod je 31,416 cm. Polom\u011br nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m. <\/p>\n

Dok\u00e1\u017eete zjistit pr\u016fm\u011br? Ano. <\/p>\n

Pou\u017eijte D = P\/\u03c0<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

31,416 \/ 3,1416 \u2248 10.<\/p>\n

Pr\u016fm\u011br je 10 cm.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpad 3: M\u00e1te oblast<\/strong> <\/p>\n

Rozloha je 125 m\u00b2. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd r\u00e1dius. Nen\u00ed tam \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd obvod. <\/p>\n

Pou\u017eijte D = \u221a(4A \/ \u03c0)<\/strong>. <\/p>\n

4 \u00d7 125 = 500.
\n500 \/ 3,141592 \u2248 159,15.
\n\u221a159,15 \u2248 12,62. <\/p>\n

Pr\u016fm\u011br je 12,62 metru.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pr\u016fm\u011br je p\u0159\u00edmka proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed st\u0159edem kru\u017enice. Spojuje dva body na hranici obrazce. Tento segment ur\u010duje \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku kruhu nebo obvodu. Toto m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed plat\u00ed tak\u00e9 pro p\u016flkruh nebo kouli. Lid\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 symboly pro zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to vzd\u00e1lenosti. M\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt velk\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno D. B\u011b\u017en\u00e1 jsou tak\u00e9 mal\u00e1 p\u00edsmena d. Symbol \u00d8 je standardn\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00ed v technick\u00fdch v\u00fdkresech. Jednotky […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8291,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":{"cs":"co-je-prumer-a-jak-jej-presne-zmerit","de":"was-ist-ein-durchmesser-und-wie-misst-man-ihn-genau","en":"what-is-a-diameter-and-how-to-measure-it-accurately","es":"que-es-un-diametro-y-como-medirlo-con-precision","fr":"quest-ce-quun-diametre-et-comment-le-mesurer-avec-precision","id":"berapa-diameter-dan-cara-mengukurnya-dengan-akurat","it":"cose-un-diametro-e-come-misurarlo-con-precisione","nl":"wat-is-een-diameter-en-hoe-meet-je-deze-nauwkeurig","pl":"co-to-jest-srednica-i-jak-ja-dokladnie-zmierzyc","pt":"o-que-e-um-diametro-e-como-medi-lo-com-precisao","ru-ru":"chto-takoe-diametr-i-kak-izmerit-ego-tochno","uk-ua":"scho-take-diametr-i-jak-vimirjati-jogo-tochno"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8304"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8304"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8304\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8291"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8304"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8304"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8304"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}