Eseje nejsou jen \u0161koln\u00ed \u00fakoly. Jedn\u00e1 se o syrov\u00e9, nefiltrovan\u00e9 prostory, kam auto\u0159i p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, argumenty a n\u00e1zory. Pou\u017eijte je k anal\u00fdze koncept\u016f. Pou\u017eijte je k rozd\u011blen\u00ed teori\u00ed. Pou\u017eijte je k lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Pokud si chcete zlep\u0161it sv\u00e9 schopnosti kritick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed, praktick\u00fdm za\u010d\u00e1tkem je \u010dten\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch, dob\u0159e napsan\u00fdch esej\u016f. Zde jsou dva p\u0159\u00edklady, kter\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed zcela odli\u0161n\u00e1 t\u00e9mata, ale jedno maj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9. Je to boj naj\u00edt pravdu v hlu\u010dn\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. <\/p>\n
Promluvme si o p\u0159\u00edkladech greenwashing esej\u016f<\/strong>. Toto t\u00e9ma se t\u00fdk\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00e9ho informovan\u00e9ho spot\u0159ebitele. <\/p>\n V polovin\u011b roku 2000 m\u011bl Volkswagen v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m s pov\u011bst\u00ed. Propagovali dieselov\u00e1 auta jako ekologick\u00e9 hrdiny. Pak maska \u200b\u200bspadla. Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvali software k podv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed test\u016f emis\u00ed uhl\u00edku. To nen\u00ed jen \u0161patn\u00fd design. Toto je greenwashing (\u0161pan\u011blsky \u201eecoblanqueo\u201c). <\/p>\n Samotn\u00fd term\u00edn byl vytvo\u0159en v roce 1986. A co strategie? Je prastar\u00e1. Spole\u010dnosti jej vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, aby vypadaly ekologi\u010dt\u011bji, ne\u017e ve skute\u010dnosti jsou. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00edch ozna\u010den\u00edch. P\u0159em\u00fd\u0161lejte o nads\u00e1zk\u00e1ch. To je marketing p\u0159evle\u010den\u00fd za etiku. <\/p>\n jak\u00fd je v\u00fdsledek? D\u016fv\u011bra byla ztracena. V\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee zna\u010dka l\u017ee o sv\u00e9m dopadu na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v\u00e1s nezastav\u00ed pouze v n\u00e1kupu produkt\u016f t\u00e9to zna\u010dky. Za\u010dnete pochybovat o ka\u017ed\u00e9m jejich prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. To podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 d\u016fv\u011bru v cel\u00fd trh. Po\u0161kozuje to tak\u00e9 konkurenty, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou skute\u010dn\u011b odd\u00e1ni udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b. <\/p>\n Proto se do procesu vlo\u017eila Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f a Evropsk\u00e1 unie. Vyvinuli p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pravidla. C\u00edl je jednoduch\u00fd. Jde o z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fkaz\u016f, kdy\u017e spole\u010dnosti uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1vazky v \u0161ed\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b. <\/p>\n Jako spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 tuto transparentnost pot\u0159ebujeme. Mus\u00edme b\u00fdt schopni \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b kritizovat zelen\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed. Bez jasn\u00fdch standard\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 udr\u017eitelnost m\u00f3dn\u00edm slovem. S nimi se to st\u00e1v\u00e1 ov\u011b\u0159itelnou prax\u00ed. Autor tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee to nen\u00ed jen ot\u00e1zka marketingov\u00e9 strategie. Jde o to udr\u017eet spole\u010dnosti poctiv\u00e9, aby se mohly skute\u010dn\u011b posunout ke skute\u010dn\u011b udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 ekonomice. <\/p>\n Nyn\u00ed zm\u011b\u0148me t\u00e9ma. Pod\u00edvejte se na p\u0159\u00edklady zelen\u00fdch esej\u016f<\/strong> sp\u00ed\u0161e jako na symptom hlub\u0161\u00edho filozofick\u00e9ho probl\u00e9mu ne\u017e na podnikovou p\u0159\u00edpadovou studii. Alegorie Plat\u00f3novy jeskyn\u011b tento probl\u00e9m dokonale vysv\u011btluje. <\/p>\n Plat\u00f3n tuto my\u0161lenku nast\u00ednil ve sv\u00e9m dialogu Republika v 5. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ed na\u0161\u00edm letopo\u010dtem. E. Cht\u011bl uk\u00e1zat propast mezi sv\u011btem my\u0161len\u00ed (vn\u00edman\u00fdm mysl\u00ed) a sv\u011btem vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed (smysly). Sv\u011bt senzac\u00ed? P\u0159ece jen to nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b spolehliv\u00e9. <\/p>\n P\u0159edstavte si v\u011bzn\u011b zav\u0159en\u00e9 v jeskyni. Vid\u011bli jen st\u00edn na zdi. V\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee tyto st\u00edny jsou skute\u010dn\u00e9. Jeden z v\u011bz\u0148\u016f pot\u00e9 utekl. Vy\u0161el ven do slune\u010dn\u00edho sv\u011btla. Vid\u011bl pravdu. Kdy\u017e se vr\u00e1til a \u0159ekl o tom sv\u00fdm p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm, netleskali. Oni se br\u00e1nili. Odm\u00edtli ho. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee ve tm\u011b je p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011b. Tento st\u00edn se mu zd\u00e1l pov\u011bdom\u00fd. <\/p>\n Nejde jen o starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u0159eck\u00e9 drama. To je modern\u00ed \u017eivot.<\/p>\n Odborn\u00edci jako Aida Miguez tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee starov\u011bk\u00e9 koncepty by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 siln\u011b aplikov\u00e1ny na modern\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Lid\u00e9 \u010dasto redukuj\u00ed Plat\u00f3na na kulturn\u00ed kli\u0161\u00e9, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Jeho dialogy jsou um\u011bleck\u00fdmi d\u00edly, nikoli n\u00e1vody k pochopen\u00ed 21. stolet\u00ed. <\/p>\n Jin\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad Bernat Torres, v\u0161ak nesouhlas\u00ed. V\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee \u010dten\u00ed Plat\u00f3na v\u00e1s nut\u00ed b\u00fdt kriti\u010dt\u00ed. Nut\u00ed v\u00e1s to zpochybnit va\u0161e vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed reality. Toto podobenstv\u00ed v\u00e1s \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1, abyste vy\u0161li ze sv\u00e9 ideologick\u00e9 nebo politick\u00e9 jeskyn\u011b. Mus\u00edte se pod\u00edvat na st\u00edn a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o tom, co ho vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed. <\/p>\n V dob\u011b dezinformac\u00ed a post-pravdiv\u00e9 politiky tato jeskyn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e jako varov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e jako lekce historie. Pravda se t\u011b\u017eko p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1. Lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed r\u00e1di jistotu vlastn\u00ed nev\u011bdomosti. Ale pokud chceme pochopit slo\u017eitost na\u0161\u00ed doby, mus\u00edme b\u00fdt ochotni vyj\u00edt z jeskyn\u011b. <\/p>\n Oba \u010dl\u00e1nky d\u011blaj\u00ed tot\u00e9\u017e. D\u00edky nim se c\u00edt\u00edte nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u011b. Zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed to, co jste si mysleli, \u017ee v\u00edte. <\/p>\n \u010cl\u00e1nek o greenwashingu ukazuje, jak snadno s n\u00e1mi lze manipulovat prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm firemn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f. \u010cl\u00e1nek o Plat\u00f3novi ukazuje, jak snadno se m\u016f\u017eeme nechat uv\u011bznit vlastn\u00edm omezen\u00fdm pohledem na sv\u011bt. <\/p>\n \u010cten\u00ed t\u011bchto text\u016f nen\u00ed pasivn\u00ed proces. Toto je cvi\u010den\u00ed aktivn\u00edho skepticismu. Takto tr\u00e9nujete sv\u016fj mozek, aby detekoval st\u00edny d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se stanou cel\u00fdm va\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btem. <\/p>\n Za\u010dn\u011bte s \u010dl\u00e1nkem denn\u011b. Nep\u0159eb\u00edrejte to. Pros\u00edm p\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si to. H\u00e1dejte se s n\u00ed. Pak se rozhodn\u011bte, \u010demu skute\u010dn\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00edte. Zbytek bude p\u0159irozen\u011b n\u00e1sledovat. <\/p>\n V\u011bt\u0161ina latinskoamerick\u00fdch republik se sna\u017eila napodobit americkou \u00fastavu. Cht\u011bli Bill of Rights<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 by chr\u00e1nila jednotlivce a omezovala vl\u00e1du. To v\u0161ak nebyl hlavn\u00ed vliv. Skute\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1klad sah\u00e1 a\u017e do francouzsk\u00e9 revoluce<\/strong> z roku 1789.<\/p>\n V revolu\u010dn\u00ed Francii m\u011bla p\u0159ednost \u201eobecn\u00e1 v\u016fle\u201c. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, v\u011bt\u0161ina hlas\u016f m\u00e1 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prioritu. Vznikl tak ostr\u00fd kontrast. Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b byla Americk\u00e1 revoluce<\/strong>. Zachovala koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed svobody. Omezila moc vl\u00e1dy chr\u00e1nit pr\u00e1va jednotlivc\u016f. Francouzsk\u00e1 revoluce<\/strong> z\u00e1rove\u0148 nahradila monarchii N\u00e1rodn\u00edm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm. jak\u00fd je v\u00fdsledek? Centralizovan\u00e1, brut\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da. <\/p>\n Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 byli ovlivn\u011bni Johnem Lockem. Zab\u00fdval se p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy: \u017eivotem, svobodou a vlastnictv\u00edm. Jean-Jacques Rousseau ovlivnil Francouze. V\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee pr\u00e1va vypl\u00fdvaj\u00ed z obecn\u00e9 v\u016fle v\u011bt\u0161iny. <\/p>\n Tento nesouhlas je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd. V Latinsk\u00e9 Americe a kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed Evrop\u011b je \u201est\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00fa\u010delnost\u201c \u010dasto postavena nad pr\u00e1va jednotlivce. To usnad\u0148uje diktatur\u00e1m a autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm re\u017eim\u016fm uchv\u00e1tit moc. <\/p>\n Samuel E. Morison poznamenal, \u017ee americk\u00e1 revoluce se sna\u017eila zachovat st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed svobody. Nesna\u017eila se dob\u00fdvat nov\u00e9. Americk\u00e1 \u00fastava zt\u011bles\u0148uje tradici omezov\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed moci. H\u00e1jila nezciziteln\u00e1 pr\u00e1va zalo\u017een\u00e1 na Lockov\u011b filozofii. <\/p>\n Demokratizace v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe \u0161la jinou cestou. D\u016fraz je kladen na volby v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fdm hlasov\u00e1n\u00edm. To je v\u00edce v souladu s hodnotami Francouzsk\u00e9 revoluce<\/strong> ne\u017e s americk\u00fdm duchem<\/strong>. Klade v\u016fli lidu nad individu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va. To odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed star\u00fdch politick\u00fdch tradic. Nejde o z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zm\u011bnu sm\u011brem k omezen\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b.<\/p>\n Tyto dv\u011b liber\u00e1ln\u00ed revoluce m\u011bly odli\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o modern\u00edm st\u00e1t\u011b. \u00dastava USA se zam\u011b\u0159uje na ochranu pr\u00e1v jednotlivc\u016f. \u00dastavy \u0161pan\u011blsko-americk\u00fdch zem\u00ed se \u0159\u00eddily francouzsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm \u0159\u00e1dem. To p\u0159isp\u011blo k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed v\u00edce centralizovan\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Tyto vl\u00e1dy \u010dasto nemaj\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed omezen\u00ed sv\u00fdch pravomoc\u00ed. <\/p>\n Mo\u017en\u00e1 se div\u00edte, jak toto historick\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje dne\u0161n\u00ed studenty a studenty. Rozd\u00edl nen\u00ed jen akademick\u00fd. Ur\u010duje fungov\u00e1n\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f. V syst\u00e9mech ovlivn\u011bn\u00fdch francouzsk\u00fdm modelem vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dasto slou\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed agend\u011b. Klade d\u016fraz na kolektivn\u00ed c\u00edle. Americk\u00fd model \u010dasto zd\u016fraz\u0148uje kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed a osobn\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed. <\/p>\n Kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1te na ob\u010danskou v\u00fdchovu, probl\u00e9m je jasn\u00fd. U\u010d\u00edme lidi, aby chr\u00e1nili sv\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, nebo se pod\u0159izovali v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b? Odpov\u011b\u010f z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jak\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed n\u00e1sledujete. <\/p>\n Nejde o to \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee jedna strana m\u00e1 naprostou pravdu. Jde o pochopen\u00ed kompromis\u016f. Centralizovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my se mohou rychle pohybovat. Dok\u00e1\u017eou ale tak\u00e9 potla\u010dit nesouhlas. Omezen\u00e9 syst\u00e9my jsou pomalej\u0161\u00ed. Ale chr\u00e1n\u00ed jednotlivce. <\/p>\n Rodi\u010de a u\u010ditel\u00e9 se mus\u00ed zeptat, kter\u00fd model podporuj\u00ed. Posiluj\u00ed my\u0161lenku, \u017ee v\u016fle v\u011bt\u0161iny je absolutn\u00ed? Nebo u\u010d\u00ed hodnot\u011b individu\u00e1ln\u00ed svobody? Tato volba ur\u010d\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed generaci. <\/p>\n Dopad t\u011bchto dvou revoluc\u00ed je st\u00e1le ve vzduchu. V z\u00e1konech to m\u016f\u017eete vyc\u00edtit. M\u016f\u017eete to vid\u011bt ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Bitva mezi v\u0161eobecnou v\u016fl\u00ed a pr\u00e1vy jednotlivce je\u0161t\u011b neskon\u010dila. Prost\u011b se to vyv\u00edj\u00ed. <\/p>\n Pov\u011bdom\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro celo\u017eivotn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Rozpoznejte zaujatost ve sv\u00fdch osnov\u00e1ch. V\u00e1\u017e\u00edte si kolektivn\u00edho dobra nad individu\u00e1ln\u00edm, nebo je to rovnov\u00e1ha obou? Odpov\u011b\u010f m\u016f\u017ee prozradit mnoh\u00e9 o spole\u010dnosti, ve kter\u00e9 \u017eijete. <\/p>\n Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed je matouc\u00ed. Neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 dokonal\u00e1 st\u0159edn\u00ed cesta. Ale pochopen\u00ed zdroje va\u0161eho vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci se v n\u011bm orientovat. V syst\u00e9mu se za\u010dnou objevovat trhliny. Za\u010dnete pochybovat o \u201eobecn\u00e9 v\u016fli\u201c. Mo\u017en\u00e1, a jen mo\u017en\u00e1, dok\u00e1\u017eete naj\u00edt zp\u016fsob, jak ochr\u00e1nit sv\u016fj hlas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Eseje nejsou jen \u0161koln\u00ed \u00fakoly. Jedn\u00e1 se o syrov\u00e9, nefiltrovan\u00e9 prostory, kam auto\u0159i p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed sv\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, argumenty a n\u00e1zory. Pou\u017eijte je k anal\u00fdze koncept\u016f. Pou\u017eijte je k rozd\u011blen\u00ed teori\u00ed. Pou\u017eijte je k lep\u0161\u00edmu pochopen\u00ed sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Pokud si chcete zlep\u0161it sv\u00e9 schopnosti kritick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed, praktick\u00fdm za\u010d\u00e1tkem je \u010dten\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00fdch, dob\u0159e napsan\u00fdch esej\u016f. Zde jsou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[49],"tags":[],"wpm_language_slugs":{"cs":"greenwash-a-jeskyne-proc-je-kriticke-mysleni-dulezitejsi-nez-kdy-jindy","de":"greenwash-cave-warum-kritisches-denken-wichtiger-denn-je-ist","en":"greenwash-cave-why-critical-thinking-is-more-important-than-ever","es":"greenwash-cave-por-que-el-pensamiento-critico-es-mas-importante-que","fr":"greenwash-cave-pourquoi-la-pensee-critique-est-plus-importante-que","id":"greenwash-cave-mengapa-berpikir-kritis-menjadi-lebih-penting-dari","it":"greenwash-cave-perche-il-pensiero-critico-e-piu-importante-che-mai","nl":"greenwash-cave-waarom-kritisch-denken-belangrijker-is-dan-ooit","pl":"greenwash-i-jaskinia-dlaczego-krytyczne-myslenie-jest-wazniejsze-niz","pt":"greenwash-cave-por-que-o-pensamento-critico-e-mais-importante-do-que","ru-ru":"greenwash-i-peschera-pochemu-kriticheskoe-myshlenie-vazhnee-chem-kogda","uk-ua":"greenwash-i-pechera-chomu-kritichne-mislennja-vazhlivishe-nizh-bud"},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8305"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8305"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8305\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Je Plat\u00f3nova jeskyn\u011b aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed i dnes?<\/h3>\n
Pro\u010d je to pro v\u00e1s d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h3>\n
Vliv francouzsk\u00e9ho modelu na \u00fastavy latinskoamerick\u00fdch zem\u00ed<\/h3>\n
Pro\u010d v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed nesta\u010d\u00ed<\/h3>\n