Researchers have identified two bacterial species that may play a key role in chronic constipation, potentially paving the way for more targeted treatments. The study, published in Gut Microbes, highlights how these bacteria disrupt the natural lubrication of the colon, leading to digestive slowdown.
The Role of Gut Bacteria in Bowel Movements
Healthy digestion relies on a balanced gut microbiome. Bacteria help break down food, absorb nutrients, and keep waste moving smoothly through the intestines. However, certain bacterial combinations can throw this delicate system off balance. The study focused on Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Akkermansia muciniphila, which work in tandem to degrade mucin – the protective, lubricating layer inside the colon.
“This study identifies a specific mechanism by which gut bacteria can cause constipation. Current treatments often fail because they don’t address the underlying cause,” explains Dr. Tomonari Hamaguchi, lead author from Nagoya University.
How the Study Uncovered the Connection
Researchers genetically modified B. thetaiotaomicron to stop it from breaking down mucin. They then transplanted both this modified bacteria and A. muciniphila into mice. The results were striking : the mice with the modified bacteria maintained intact colonic mucin and regular bowel movements. This confirms that the combined effect of these two bacteria is critical to disrupting healthy digestion.
Why This Matters
Constipation is an extremely common issue, leading to 2.5 million doctor visits annually in the U.S. alone. Chronic constipation affects up to 20% of people in North America, with higher rates among women and the elderly. The current treatments are often temporary, because they don’t fix the root cause.
This new research suggests that manipulating the balance of these bacteria could lead to more effective, long-term solutions. While it’s not yet clear how widespread these bacteria are in the human population, understanding their role is a crucial step toward better digestive health.
The findings open up the possibility of personalized therapies that restore mucin levels, helping people overcome chronic constipation without relying on temporary fixes.
