Katharina Burr Blodgett byla brilantn\u00ed v\u011bdkyn\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9m mu\u017ei. Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nen\u00ed jen o p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed genderov\u00fdch bari\u00e9r ve v\u011bd\u011b po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed; toto je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh kritick\u00e9ho, ale \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9ho partnerstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u011b pokro\u010dilo ve v\u011bd\u011b o materi\u00e1lech. Blodgett, kter\u00fd pracoval po boku Irvinga Langmuira v General Electric, byl v\u00edc ne\u017e jen asistent, ale z\u00e1sadn\u00ed s\u00edla stoj\u00edc\u00ed za pr\u016flomy v osv\u011btlovac\u00ed technologii i mimo ni. Tato dynamika je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, proto\u017ee zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, jak v\u011bdeck\u00fd pokrok \u010dasto z\u00e1vis\u00ed na opom\u00edjen\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvc\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na od t\u011bch, kter\u00fdm bylo historicky odp\u00edr\u00e1no uzn\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Blodgett nastoupil do Langmuirovy laborato\u0159e v roce 1918 a stal se pro jeho pr\u00e1ci nepostradateln\u00fd. Jejich spolupr\u00e1ce byla zalo\u017eena nejen na mentoringu, ale tak\u00e9 na jasn\u00e9 d\u011blb\u011b pr\u00e1ce: Langmuir vynikal v teorii a Blodgett byl nadan\u00fd experiment\u00e1tor. Tato kombinace se uk\u00e1zala jako mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 p\u0159i zlep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed designu \u017e\u00e1rovek a pozd\u011bji p\u0159i zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed ambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek. \u00dasp\u011bch tohoto partnerstv\u00ed sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm trendu \u2013 nedocen\u011bn\u00e9 s\u00edle dynamiky spolupr\u00e1ce p\u0159i posouv\u00e1n\u00ed hranic v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Navzdory hmatateln\u00fdm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm jejich spolupr\u00e1ce se Langmuir tak\u00e9 v\u011bnoval spekulativn\u00edm teori\u00edm, z nich\u017e nejpozoruhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byla jeho \u201equantelova teorie\u201c hmoty v roce 1920. Tento odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd pokus o p\u0159edefinov\u00e1n\u00ed atomov\u00e9 struktury rychle \u010delil kritice a byl nakonec odm\u00edtnut jako nespr\u00e1vn\u00fd. Mezit\u00edm Blodgett pokra\u010dovala ve sv\u00e9 pe\u010dliv\u00e9 experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci a poskytla empirick\u00fd z\u00e1klad, kter\u00fd Langmuirov\u00fdm teoretick\u00fdm let\u016fm chyb\u011bl. Tato epizoda zd\u016fraz\u0148uje kritick\u00fd bod: i brilantn\u00ed v\u011bdci se mohou m\u00fdlit a hodnota praktick\u00e9ho experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i potvrzov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vyvracen\u00ed radik\u00e1ln\u00edch my\u0161lenek m\u00e1 prvo\u0159ad\u00fd v\u00fdznam. <\/p>\n
Blodgettovy p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky \u0161ly nad r\u00e1mec pomoci Langmuirovi. Pe\u010dliv\u011b navrhla a provedla experimenty, zlep\u0161ila p\u0159\u00edstroje a identifikovala kritick\u00e9 prom\u011bnn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed p\u0159ehl\u00e9dli. Jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ce na rozkladu \u010dpavku na wolframov\u00fdch vl\u00e1knech je uk\u00e1zkov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem. Vypo\u010d\u00edtala hodnoty, porovnala v\u00fdsledky a trvala na pou\u017eit\u00ed \u010dist\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f, aby byla zaji\u0161t\u011bna p\u0159esnost jejich z\u00e1v\u011br\u016f. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Langmuirov\u00e1 ve\u0159ejn\u011b uznala jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos (\u201ehluboce zav\u00e1z\u00e1na sle\u010dn\u011b Catharine Blodgettov\u00e9, kter\u00e1 provedla velkou \u010d\u00e1st experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ce\u201c), je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1, i kdy\u017e to neposkytuje pln\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed v dob\u011b, kdy byly v\u011bdeck\u00e9 role \u017een \u010dasto zleh\u010dov\u00e1ny. <\/p>\n
P\u0159es svou \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli jsou podrobn\u00e9 laboratorn\u00ed notebooky Blodgett z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e9. Jejich m\u00edsto pobytu nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo a spekuluje se, \u017ee je GE mo\u017en\u00e1 st\u00e1le uchov\u00e1v\u00e1. Nedostatek transparentnosti br\u00e1n\u00ed pln\u00e9mu pochopen\u00ed jej\u00edch p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvk\u016f a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch v\u011bdy: systematick\u00e9 odsouv\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch spis\u016f a \u00fasp\u011bch\u016f na okraj. Obnoven\u00ed t\u011bchto pozn\u00e1mkov\u00fdch blok\u016f by bylo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed jej\u00edho vlivu. <\/p>\n
Pr\u00e1ce Kathariny Blodgett zahrnovala v\u00edc ne\u017e jen vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1rovek. \u0160lo o zaveden\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdch experiment\u00e1ln\u00edch postup\u016f v dob\u011b, kdy se v\u011bdeck\u00e9 laborato\u0159e je\u0161t\u011b definovaly. Jej\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed s Langmuirem, i kdy\u017e nevyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00fdmi normami, ukazuje, jak efektivn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce m\u016f\u017ee \u0159\u00eddit inovace. Blodgettova vytrvalost tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 genderov\u00e9 p\u0159edpojatosti a jej\u00ed oddanost empirick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsnosti z n\u00ed u\u010dinily kl\u00ed\u010dovou postavu v\u011bdy po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed. <\/p>\n
Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka toho, \u017ee v\u011bdeck\u00fd pokrok nen\u00ed poh\u00e1n\u011bn pouze teoretick\u00fdmi pr\u016flomy, ale tak\u00e9 metodick\u00fdmi, \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1klad t\u011bmto teori\u00edm.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Katharina Burr Blodgett byla brilantn\u00ed v\u011bdkyn\u011b pracuj\u00edc\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9m mu\u017ei. Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh nen\u00ed jen o p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed genderov\u00fdch bari\u00e9r ve v\u011bd\u011b po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed; toto je p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh kritick\u00e9ho, ale \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9ho partnerstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u011b pokro\u010dilo ve v\u011bd\u011b o materi\u00e1lech. Blodgett, kter\u00fd pracoval po boku Irvinga Langmuira v General Electric, byl v\u00edc ne\u017e jen asistent, ale […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7377,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"tdm_status":"","tdm_grid_status":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7378"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7378"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7378\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.schooler.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}